TENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IX 405 



Chicago and New York. But less than carload shipments are ag- 

 gregated together in Chicago and cars go forward carrying more 

 than 30,000 pounds each, npon which their earnings are $195 per 

 car, less the cost of reloading at Chicago, which cost is probably 

 less than $10 per car. The 10,000 pound minimum was established 

 because that is approximately the w'eight of a single tier of tubs 

 of butter in the ear. The loss than carload shipments are reloaded 

 by the employes of the eastern roads, and the cars invariably carry^ 

 three tiers of tubs, and sometimes four or more. If the income of 

 $65 per car for icing and hauling from Chicago to the east were 

 not a renumerative rate, the roads w^ould long ago have raised the 

 minimum and so compelled the shipper to load more heavily, espe- 

 cially as the cars are made to carry as high as 60.000 pounds each. 

 But the minimum has not been changed and it seems to have been 

 left low purposely to encourage the smaller shipments in carloads. 



There seems to be on the part of some railroad representatives 

 and also upon the part of some of the carload shippers a theory 

 that the large shipper has an inherent right to have his products 

 carried to market for less money than that paid for similar service 

 by his smaller competitor. That is. because he is doing business 

 on a large scale he should therefore be favored. A good many 

 times rates are fixed on the basis of the "value of the service," 

 which is only another way of saying that the rate is to be all the 

 traffic will bear. Fortunately the Interstate Commerce Commission 

 has again and again declared that rates must be established some- 

 what upon the '^cost of the service." It is hardly possible that the 

 cost of service upon a car that carries 30,000 pounds, can be very 

 much greater than the cost to the company of transporting the 

 same car the same distance wdth the same icing and carrynng 10.- 

 000 pounds of the same product It is therefore hardly probable 

 that in case appeal is made to the Interstate Commerce Commission 

 a rate will be permitted which still further increases the dispropor- 

 tion between the income per ear to the companies from the less than 

 carloads, and that from carloads. 



The creamery people of this state should between now and April 

 1, 1910, make the various refrigerator transportation lines of the 

 east, to whom the L. C. L. shippers annually pay $500,000 in freight 

 charges, understand that no increase in rates will be permitted un- 

 til every method of protest is exhausted and that prompt and vig- 

 orous appeal to the Interstate Commerce Commission will be made 

 in case such increase in rates is attempted. Indeed there is some 



