TENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X 



437 



the circle on the surface, the diflBiculties encountered on sloping ground 

 may be overcome. Some of the preliminary excavation may be accom- 

 plished by team and scraper. 



DRAINAGE OF FOUNDATION. 



In case there is a probability of ground water standing about the 

 foundation, there should be a tile drain placed as shown in Fig. 13 

 and Plates I and V. Porous back filling placed outside the foundation 

 insures that any surface or ground water will sink to the drain rather 

 than fill the blocks of the wall through any crevice which may exist. 



TYPES OF FOUNDATION. 



There are at least four different types of foundations, one of which 

 will be applicable to any conditions which may arise. The different types 

 are as follows: 



1. Building blocks throughout. 



2. Concrete footing with blocks extending from the floor up. 



3. Concrete footing with block laid on end and filled with concrete. 



4. Concrete footing and foundation extending to about 1 foot above 

 the grade line. 



Fig. No. 12. 



Fig. No. 13. 

 No. 1 type of foundation is shown in Fig. 14. The first course of the 

 footing is 16 inches wide, made of two eight-inch blocks laid flatwise 



