TENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X 519 



Feed required "for stock. — All of this produce can not be sold, however. 

 The stock must be fed, and for this purpose it is assumed that the fol- 

 lowing quantities will be required throughout the year for the different 

 kinds of stock: 



Pounds. 



4 mares, grain fed, 15 pounds each daily 21,900 



2 colts, grain fed, 1 pound each, 300 days 600 



2 cows, grain fed, 4 pounds each, 180 days 1,440 



Total 23,940 



The figures given are averages. It is expected that the grain fed the 

 heavy type of draft horses kept on this farm will average nearer 20 pounds 

 during the busiest part of the working season and considerably less 

 than 15 pounds in winter. Usually in winter, when but little farm work 

 is going on, only one team will be fed grain. In the above estimates no 

 account is taken of the hay fed to stock, as it is the custom in this sec- 

 tion to use oat straw and corn stover as the only roughage either winter 

 or summer. 



If this farm were being planned for the greatest profit instead of for 

 the purpose of showing the various ways in which the problem may be 

 attacked, less grain and more clover hay would be fed. in fact, all the 

 hay produced on the place would be fed to stock of some kind bought or 

 raised for the purpose. 



FINANCIAL RETUENS TO BE EXPECTED. 



Since the roughage (oat straw and corn stover) fed both horses and 

 cows i^ of a highly carbonaceous nature, the grain ration may well be 

 straight oats, which is fairly rich in protein, instead of a mixture of oats 

 and corn, which is commonly employed in the region. The 23,940 pounds 

 of grain required to feed the stock represents about 750 bushels of oats. 

 There will be required for seed each year also about 60 bushels of oats, 

 making in all 810 bushels that will be consumed on the place. The re- 

 mainder of the oats grown, together will all the corn, all the hay, 2 colts, 

 and probably 2 veal calves, may be sold each year and will constitute 

 the gross income of the farm. The gross returns may be expected to be 

 about as follows: 



Corn, 1,440 bushels, at 50 cents a bushel $ 720 



Oats, 150 bushels, at 40 cents a bushel 60 



Hay, 48 tons, at $8 a ton 384 



Colts, 2, at $50 each 100 



Calves, 2, at $5 each 10 



Total gross income $1,274 



From the $1,274 gross income should be deducted the cost of about 5 

 tons of steamed bone meal at $25 a ton, leaving a balance of $1,149 as 

 the gross returns, out of which must come the expenses of labor, living, 

 interest on investment, etc. 



