TENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK—PART VI 539 



year, a second man will have to be employed. The cost of this extra la- 

 bor to the owner will be at least $40 a month, including board, for each 

 hired man, or about $760. This would reduce the gross income from the 

 farm when butter is made from $1,854 to $1,094, and when milk is sold, 

 from $2,484 to $1,724. At 5 cents a quart the gross income after deduct- 

 ing these same items would be $2,334. 



INCREASED IN\'ESTMENT NECESSARY IN DAIRY FARMING. 



A further item necessary to take into consideration in the dairy type 

 of farming is the considerable increase in investment necessary. Each 

 cow in the herd of the character here planned for costs at least $75. The 

 cows, with the bull and young stock, represent an investment of at least 

 $2,000. To this must be added a suitable stable and about two 90-ton 

 silos, which would represent an investment of at least $1,500. In addition 

 a silage cutter, a milk separator, and other equipment would make in all 

 an extra investment for dairy farming over the ordinary grain type of 

 nearly $4,000. It is a system, however, in which the returns begin to come 

 in at once and furnishes a cash income uniformly throughout the year. 



INCREASED PRODUCTIVENESS OF A DAIRY FARM. 



While the labor bill and the investment are necessarily considerably 

 increased in dairy farming, there is also a compensating feature. As 

 all the crops grown on the farm are fed on the farm and additional grain 

 bought and fed besides, the productiveness of the farm after the system 

 has once fairly been put in operation will tend gradually to increase. In 

 time every acre of land on the farm ought to be capable of producing an 

 average of 90 bushels of corn or 3 tons of hay to the acre. This would 

 permit an increase in the size of the herd, so that the profits would in- 

 crease as the plan was continued.* 



SUMMARY OF RETURNS FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF FARMING. 



A brief survey may now be taken of the differences in income which 

 may be obtained from the same farm from the six different types of 

 farming herein outlined. In all types considered one man would be able 

 to do practically all the work of the farm, except in rush seasons and 

 in the case of dairy farming, and in one phase of sheep farming where two 

 and sometimes three men would be required. Had the owner of the 

 farm two or three sons to help him, more intensive types of farming than 

 here outlined would have been planned. 



The gross income from each of the different types of farming, after 

 deducting the cost of fertilizers or feeding stuffs, is assembled below for 

 comparison. 



Farm as managed at present $ 450 



(1) Farm planned as a grain and hay farm, three-year rota- 



tion 1,149 



(2) Farm planned as a grain and clover-seed farm 1,197 



* For a detailed account of a 13-acre dairy farm in Pennsylvania which sup- 

 ported 17 dairy cows and returned a gross proflt of $1,775.00, see Farmers' Bulletin 

 »12. 



