572 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



central markets, and for those whose farms are located a long dis- 

 tance from railroad stations. Many farmers are located from six to 

 fifteen miles from a shipping point. Such farmers can not load and 

 unload and make much more than one trip each day. To haul a load 

 of hay to town will then cost the value of a day's wages of team and 

 man. To haul one load of grain will cost about an equal sum. 



When this grain is unloaded at the elevator it will cost about one 

 cent per bushel or about $1 per wagon load to get it into the railroad 

 car. 



When it is loaded, then there is the expense of transportation to 

 the central market, which for this territory is usually Chicago. From 

 Sioux City, Iowa, to Chicago it costs seventeen cents per 100 pounds 

 to market corn. The transportation charge on hay from Sioux City, 

 Iowa, to Chicago, is twenty cents per 100 pounds. 



During the winter months a dairy cow will eat about three tons of 

 hay and one ton of grain. To get this feed for one cow from the farm 

 to Chicago market will then cost: 

 Hauling from farm to shipping point three loads of hay @ $4.00 . $12.00 



Hauling from farm to shipping point one load of grain 4.00 



Transportation or freight on three tons of hay from shipping 



point to Chicago (S) 20c per hundredweight 12.00 



Transportation or freight on one ton of grain @ 17c per hun- 

 dredweight .3.40 



Total cost of marketing feed for one cow per year. . . .$31.40 

 This cost has been calculated on the basis of carload rate, and does 

 not consider elevator charge, nor commission for handling and selling 

 at central market place. 



The work of the dairy cow is to reduce this marketing expense. A 

 fairly good dairy cow should be able to change this feed into 300 

 pounds of butter. The cost of shipping 300 pounds of butter from 

 Sioux City, Iowa, to Chicago is $1.35. Adding $2.00 for hauling it 

 from farm to shipping point, the cost of marketing the 3 00 pounds of 

 butter would therefore be about $3.35. The cost of marketing the feed 

 necessary to produce this butter as shown above is about $31.40. The 

 dairy cow thus reduces the cost of marketing field crops from $31.40 

 to $3.35 or to about one-ninth as much. 



In these days when there is so much discussion and even criticism 

 of the high freight rates, farmers should permit the dairy cow to help 

 solve this problem of high transportation. 



KEDUCES WEIGHT AND EUI.K. 



The organism of the dairy cow is especially adapted for handling 

 bulky field crops. On this account she is especially suited for the farm- 

 ers of the central west and northwestern states. The dairy cow can 

 utilize a larger per cent of nutrients in the form of bulky or rough 

 feeds than can any other farm animal. 



The three tons of hay and one ton of grain will occupy a space equal 

 to about 1,300 cubic feet. This large volume, the cow will transform 

 or change into about 300 pounds of butter occupying only about five 



