656 IOWA DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE 



store, and a basin of hot wax I fasten the foundation to three sides. 



Now this method of fastening foundation in sections is far superior 

 to any machine or wax tube and much better; with the brush tihe hot 

 wax is rubbed into the pores of the wood so that even if you tear out 

 the foundation the edges will still remain attached. 



The only way to remove a starter put in in this manner is to cut 

 it out with a knife. 



Of course, this is extra thin super foundation. 



Years ago I used the same grade of foundation below as above, but 

 I found that before the bees got the upper part drawn out and filled 

 this bottom starter was all gnawed out, nothing left but a mark on 

 the wood where it had been fastened. 



Next I tried thin super foundation with the same results. 



Five years ago I commenced to use light brood foundation for bottom 

 starters which 1 have been using since, and I have yet to ihear the first 

 complaint. 



I have a few bait sections here that will illustrate this matter prob- 

 ably better than I can explain it to you. 



Here is an Ideal section in every particular. 



Here are two sections that were filled, but not capped. 



Note how uniformily the comb is attacihed to the wood, and heire 

 are sections showing how the bees will gnaw away even light brood, 

 under certain conditions. 



And let me call your attention to the fact that, while the center of 

 these starters are gnawed away, the corners remain intact so there will 

 be no pop holes or passage way in these corners when this section is 

 finished. 



And here is a section with a starter that any bee kepeer will say is 

 thin siiirplus foundation, which was light brood when I placed it in 

 this section. 



These conditions are easily accounted for. 



Our empty supers are put on the hives next the brood and as the 

 young bees leave the brood nest for the supers, the first thing they 

 encounter is these bottom starters, and here is where they commence 

 their work. 



A crop of honey produced from foundation, put in sections as I have 

 shown you, will weigh from one to two pounds to the case more, and 

 will average one grade higher and bring on any market 25 cents per 

 case more than it would if we used a small top starter only. 



And another thing, these sections of honey will stand twice the 

 rough usage in shipping that a section will where only a small starter 

 is used. 



Now, let us put this super of sections on the hive. 



We will place it at one side of the colony and on the other side an 

 empty extracting super which has been stapled to a regular bottom 

 board. 



The entrance is closed tigiht and a cover on. 



Don't forget that each of my colonies has a five inch extracting 

 super on at this time. 



