FOURTEENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X. 747 



to the ciuart of water, and in Germany the disease is said to be suc- 

 cessfully treated by introducing a small soft-rubber tube into the wind- 

 pipe, in the same manner as described for an extractor, and injecting 

 3 to 10 drops of a 5 per cent solution of salicylate of soda. 



The best method of prevention is to put the chicks, when hatched, on 

 fresh ground; to remove, place in a separate coop, and treat any that 

 show symptoms, and to plow and seed down the old, infected runs, not 

 permitting chickens to go upon them for two or three years. 



WORM'S. 



Sometimes the fowls of a flock become badly infested with worms, 

 which live in the crop, stomach and intestines, and either cause serious 

 disease or affect the nutrition so that the birds become weak, bloodless 

 and unproductive. The nature of the condition is determined by examin- 

 ing the birds that die, or by killing one that is very thin and weak. The 

 intestines, the stomach and the crop should be opened and their con- 

 tents carefully examined. If a considerable number of roundworms or 

 tapeworms are found, the remainder of the flock should receive appropri- 

 ate treatment. 



Treatment. — The remedies which are used to dislodge these parasites 

 should be given when the birds are fasting. They should have a light 

 feed at night and should be given the medicine the following morning. 

 Two or three hours after giving the medicine they should have a purga- 

 tive, which may be Epsom salts, 40 grains for each adult bird thoroughly 

 mixed with a small quantity of moist mash and so distributed that each 

 bird will get its share, or they may be given 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls of cas- 

 tor oil. An hour later a light ration may be given. 



One of the best remedies is oil of turpentine, which may be mixed 

 with an equal quantity of olive oil and 20 or 30 drops of the mixture 

 given at a dose. This is followed in two hours with 2 to 3 teaspoon- 

 fuls of caster oil. 



Thymol is especially active in the case of roundworms, and 1 grain 

 of it may be made into a pill with a little bread and butter and given 

 to each fowl. It should be followed by a purge, as in the case of other 

 remedies. Santonica or worm seed in doses of 7 or 8 grains is also 

 successfully used to combat this class of worms. 



The remedies which are particularly efficacious for tapeworms are 

 powdered areca nut, 30 to 45 grains; powdered male fern, 30 to 60 

 grains; kemala, 30 to 40 grains for each fowl. These are followed by 

 Epsom salts, castor oil, or calomel (one-third grain). Areca nut, male 

 fern, and kamala may produce bad effects in turkeys and geese, and must 

 be given to these birds in comparatively small doses. 



Preventive treatment must be carried out at the same time as the 

 medical treatment or the birds will be immediately reinfested by eggs 

 or embryos of worms taken with the food or drink. Ponds or puddles 

 of stagnant water should be drained or filled with earth; houses and 

 runs (if small) should be cleaned and disinfected with 5 per cent cresol 

 solution; feeding troughs and drinking vessels should be cleaned daily 

 and disinfected with the same cresol solution or with boiling water; the 



