810 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



inches, or 0.19 inch greater than the normal; Central, 3.00 inches, or 

 0.56 inch greater than the normal; Southern, 3.63 inches, or 1.28 inches 

 greater than the normal. The greatest amount, 7.29 inches, occurred 

 at Corydon, Wayne County, and the least, 0.35 inch, at Alton, Sioux 

 County. The greatest amount in any 24 consecutive hours, 2.57 inches, 

 occurred at Corydon, Wayne County, on the 5th. Measurable precipitation 

 occurred on an average of 9 days. 



Snow.^ — The average snowfall for the state was 1.2 inches. By sections 

 the averages were as follows: Northern, 2.0 inches; Central, 1.2 inches; 

 Southern, 0.5 inch. The greatest amount, 6.8 inches, occurred at North- 

 wood, Worth County; at a few stations none whatever occurred. 



Sunshine and Cloudiness. — The average number of clear days was 15; 

 partly cloudy, 8; cloudy, 8. The duration of sunshine was slightly below 

 the normal, the percentage of the possible amount being 65 at Charles 

 City; 54 at Davenport; 69 at Des Moines; 50 at Dubuque; 49 at Keokuk; 

 and 56 at Sioux City. 



Wind. — Northwest winds prevailed. The highest velocity reported was 

 at the rate of 42 miles an hour from the south, at Sioux City, Woodbury 

 C'ounty, on the 9th. 



EFFECT OF THE FREEZE OF OCTOBER 19-21, 1913, UPON 

 APPLES IN WESTERN IOWA. 



}iy Laurenz Greene, Asst. Chief, Section of Horticulture, Iowa Agricultural 



Experiment Station. 



On the night of October 19th, the temperature at Council Bluffs fell 

 to 22 degrees. This was followed on the 20th by a small amount of 

 sunshine and then cloudy weather in the P. M. Fruit which was frozen 

 solid on the trees thawed out late in the day. The temperature on 

 the night of the 20th fell to 18 degrees and the fruit was again frozen 

 solid. The next day a trace of snow fell but the temperature rose to 

 38 degrees in the P. M. On the night of the 21st the temperature did 

 not go below 30 degrees. A small amount of rather warm rain fell 

 during the night. On the morning of the 21st there was apparently 

 no frost in any of the fruit except in a very few cases, near the ground 

 or where the fruit was well protected by leaves. This fruit came through 

 these freezes with practically no injury to apples larger than two and 

 one-quarter inches in diameter. All smaller grades seemed to be entirely 

 luined for ordinary market purposes. They were brown inside and soft. 

 The Ben Davis and Gano seemed to be worse injured than harder va- 

 rieties like Winesap. 



It was interesting to note thai on the iiiui-ning of the 21st when 

 the apples were apparently free from frost that water thrown upon 

 the surface of the fruit immediately froze and remained frozen until 

 about 10:00 o'clock A. M. Fruit frozen as this was should not be picked 

 until after it is entirely free from frost as each linger mark and other 

 bruises will blacken and start decay. 



