FARMERS' INSTITUTES. ^5 



than the producer learns how to keep the milk clean. On the other 

 hand the consumer oilers little or no incentive to produce superior 

 milk. His cry is all for cheapness. The man that supplies the most 

 milk for five cents is the man he is seeking, not the one who will 

 produce the purest milk. The producer, therefore, has little to in- 

 duce him to take extra pains with his cows and stable. It is safe 

 to say. as a business proposition, that the cities are getting as pure 

 milk as they are willing to pay for, but I believe that the dairymen 

 must take the initiative if they want to increase their business and 

 must produce a clean milk and work up a sale for it at an increased 

 price. » 



In the same way our creameries should be more fastidious in this 

 matter. They should reject all milk contaminated with filth, the 

 stables of the patrons should be frequently inspected and milk re- 

 jected where the surroundings make purity impossible. 



Since tuberculosis may be conveyed to^ human beings from cows 

 through the milk it is good economy to use the tuberculin test, ruth- 

 lessly destroying all animals which react, to the end that we may give 

 a clean bill of health to the milk which the herd sends out. This is a 

 matter of economy, of business. 



In conclusion let me say that not only is milk produced more econom- 

 ically in the large herd but wholesome and clean milk is more easily 

 produced there. After all, the fundamental evil that I am fighting is 

 the scattering of our cows into bunches of one, two or three. My hope 

 is that Michigan will become more and more a dairy State, that she 

 will have more cows, and above all that these cows will be segregated 

 into larger herds. I believe that when this time comes we shall have 

 less complaint concerning the quality of milk, less renovated butter 

 made, less credit given at the grocery store, riiore cash paid on cash 

 deals, less hard work in the home, more time for fun and better times" 

 generally. 



COMMERCIAL FEEDING STUFFS AND THEIR VALUE. 



BY PROP. F. W. ROBISON, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 



There is no study, I feel safe in saying, that is of more economic 

 value to the dairymen and stockmen than that of the commercial 

 feeding stuffs. In this age of commercialisms and of the utilization 

 of by-products, the feeder is compelled to use the greatest care and to 

 exercise the greatest economy in the purchase of feed stuffs in order that 

 he may compete successfully in the production of meat and milk. En- 

 gineers have recognized for some time that the speed of an engine 

 depends on the character of the fuel supplied to it and successful 

 dairymen and feeders now know that the quality and character of a 

 feed is an exceedingly vital point in the economical handling of the 

 dairy cow and other domestic animals. Corn fodder contains, in a 

 general w^ay, nearly as much nutriment as does corn and oats, but 

 every feeder knows that corn fodder can never be made to take the 



