FARMERS' INSTITUTES. 53 



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this is practically what is done excepting that slightly acidulated 

 water instead of hot water is used and that the separation is accom- 

 plished by means of machinery. The corn is cracked by rolls and the 

 separation of hulls and germs from the portions of kernels proper is 

 complete by stirring in tanks. 



The hulls after separation are dried and are put upon the market 

 as corn bran at from eight to ten dollars per ton to be used as stock 

 feed. 



CORN OIL. 



The germs are also dried, then ground and placed under great 

 pressure — forty thousand pounds per square inch. This removes 90 

 per cent, of the oil which they contain. The oil is run into tanks 

 and after settling is barreled. Four million gallons of corn oil are 

 exported annually to be used largely, we are told, in the manufacture 

 of soap. Of that remaining at home a considerable amount is used 

 in making paint. Another portion is, by some chemical process, con- 

 verted into an artificial rubber — vulcanized corn oil it is called. This 

 artificial rubber" is mixed with true rubber to be made into bicycle tires, 

 footwear, etc. 



Corn oil is worth from 4c. to 5c. per pound — 30c. to 40c. per gallon, 

 wholesale. This is three or four times as much as can be gotten for 

 cornstarch. It would seem, therefore, that if the farmer who sup- 

 plies the corn to the starch factory could increase the oil content of 

 his corn, it should be worth more to the manufacturer and that, |;here- 

 fore the farmer should receive a better price for it. A bushel of shelled 

 corn yields about 1.8 pounds of oil. 



The portion of the ground germs left after the oil is extracted is re- 

 ground and sold as germ oil meal at something like |23 to |25 per ton 

 for stock feed. It is considered a rich feed, having a high protein content. 



The remaining portion of the kernel is now ground or crushed, and 

 the starch washed out and dried. What remains of the kernel after this 

 process, is known as gluten, which when dried, is put upon the market 

 as gluten meal at something like |25 per ton. It is an excellent feed for 

 milch cows and growing animals. 



The greater part of the gluten meal, however, is mixed with corn bran 

 in about the same proportions in which they are found in the corn, and 

 ground together. The resulting product is known as gluten feed ; it sells 

 for something like $17 to $18 per ton, and I am told is in good demand, 

 being highly esteemed in Michigan by dairymen. 



Of the starch there are two general grades — laundry and cooking, but 

 of brands there are several, depen(iing on the use to which it is to be put 

 and the condition in which it is desired by the consumer, whether pul- 

 verized, as grits, or otherwise. Dry starch is quoted as .being worth 

 from one to one and a half cents per pound wholesale. 



One bushel of shelled corn (fifty-six pounds) produces about, 



1.8 pounds corn oil, 

 2.7 pounds of germ oil meal, 

 36 pounds of dry starch, 

 7 pounds of gluten meal, and 

 5 pounds bran. 



