SEVENTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V. 167 



Analysis of the samples of blood meal received during the last year 

 show this feed to run 1.25 to 2.58 per cent below the guarantees of the 

 producers. Tankage guaranteed to contain 60 per cent protein, has 

 dropped as low as 47.25 per cent; and thirteen analyses give an average 

 of 6 per cent below the standard set by the company placing this feed-stuff 

 on the market. This is equivalent to a cash shortage of $3.30 to the ton. 

 Meat meal, also guaranteed to contain 60 per cent protein, has averaged 

 2.13 per cent below that standard, one sample dropping as low as 52.47 

 per cent. Both products, stated to be free from stomach contents, have 

 been found to contain undigested oat hulls and hair. Even as high as 4.4 

 per cent of silica (the basic constituent of sand) has been found in some 

 samples. 



Of thirteen samples of cotton-seed meal examined, only one was found 

 to be "prime," or up to the standard of 41.2 per cent protein, set by the 

 Cotton-seed Crushers' Association. The samples below grade are heavily 

 loaded with cotton-seed hulls, which brings the protein content from 1 to 

 3.5 per cent below guarantee. 



The by-products of the wheat flour industry vary greatly, according to 

 the process of milling. The quality of the output, from a number of mills 

 also fluctuates according to the other grains that are being ground, whose 

 inferior offal is run into the wheat by-products; or fluctuations may be due 

 to other adulterating material at hand. 



The averages of our analyses of the mill feeds sold in Iowa show that 

 most of these products are below the standards of those manufacturers 

 that stamp their guarantee on the sacks containing their feeds. 



Low grade flour is standardized at 21 per cent protein. The average 

 of ten analyses of flours sold in Iowa is 14.71 per cent, or 6.29 

 per cent low. 

 Middlings should contain 18 to 20 per cent protein. We have found 

 an average of eighteen analyses to give 17.12 per cent, or 0.88 to 

 2.88 per cent low. 

 Mixed feed should contain 18 to 19 per cent protein. Averaging the 

 six analyses we have made, gives 16.19 per cent, or 2.81 per cent 

 low. 

 Wheat shorts should run 17 to 19 per cent protein. Our average of 

 thirty analyses of shorts sold in Iowa is 15.59 per cent, or from 

 1.41 to 3.41 per cent low. 

 Wheat bran should contain from 15 to 17 per cent protein. We found 

 an average of twenty-six analyses to give 14.92 per cent, or 0.08 

 to 2.08 per cent low. 

 It is a common practice to run scowerings, corn hulls and offal oat 

 hulls, and the hulls of weed seeds into the bran, the ground weed seeds 

 and screenings having been run into the shorts. The effect that this prac- 

 tice has on the quality of the bran and shorts depends upon the extent of 

 the adulteration. At a few mills where such admixtures were made, it 

 was possible to get samples of pure shorts and bran direct from the dus- 

 ter; and other samples from the packer at which the sacking of these by- 

 products for shipment was made. 



