236 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Mr. Yoder said. "Don't you think more often men lose hogs 

 from pneumonia and call it hog cholera? I knew "a man that 

 let his hogs sleep out on the ground. They died and I think it 

 was pneumonia." 



Mr. McNeill said: "I think it was pneumonia, too. ]\Iy broth- 

 ers raise hogs and they were letting the hogs sleep out. They had 

 something like a hundred head and they noticed that the pigs kept 

 getting sick and they examined them and the lungs were affected. 

 They lost forty or fifty head. Then they took the farrowing pens 

 and every night put them in and after that thej" never lost a 

 pig. The loss was due to the fact that they were exposed. They 

 huddle together and in the center they get warm and steamy and 

 in the morning they get out in the cold air and get cold and pneu- 

 monia." 



Mr. Kiel said: "That has been the most interesting subject 

 that I have heard for many a day. I would like to ask some infor- 

 mation. In pasteurizing the milk is that sufficient to destroy the 

 germs of tuberculosis?" 



Mr. McNeill replied : "If the temperature is raised to 185. 

 In these pasteurizing machines they run the milk through in a 

 thin stream. In pasteurizing the milk you kill the germs. Using 

 pasteurized milk in two or three days is more dangerous because 

 it developes a toxine as the germs of lactic acid. But in the 

 pasteurization of milk it seems to me the safest plan to follow 

 would be raise the temperature of the milk to 185 and keep it at 

 that temperature for five minutes. I was talking with ^Ir. Gray last 

 night and he said from what he could find that milk should be 

 stirred and that it should be raised to 185 and kept there for 

 five minutes." 



Mr. Kiel said: "In regard to inspection of cattle in Chicago. 

 We ship cattle there sometimes. Sometimes they have a lump in 

 their neck and that is cut out. The steer is all right — fine and 

 sleek. They will tag the steer and perhaps in about three weeks 

 we get word from them that it has been passed as satisfactory for 

 food. The lump is just in the skin. It is only a scar of the lump 

 that was cut out. The tag means that it is to be examined. Then 

 we get a bill of sale — so much for the hide and so much for the 

 carcass. I sold a car of cattle for export. They said three of 

 them were held up. They said they had been bought by an ex- 

 porter. They had scars where these lumps had been taken out. 

 They said they were examined and after that they were held up. 

 I would take my chances on having them held up in Chicago." 



