SEVENTH ANNUAL YEARlBOOK— PART VII. 335 



I want to make one more remark in regard to starters. It is a 

 fact that not one-half of the buttermakers are using starters. At cream- 

 eries where they have every advantage in the world; plenty of milk; 

 plenty of water; plenty of room, perhaps a starter can setting to one side. 

 Too much work; do not believe a starter does any good; think they can 

 make as good butter without as with. I also find some butter-makers 

 who do not read any dairy papers, going along in the same old rut; the 

 same old grind day after day; do not want to make any change in their 

 way of making butter; regular "standpatters." They will wake up some 

 morning and find the band wagon has passed on before. The procession 

 has formed and the rank and file is full of men who are experts in their 

 profession. 



In conclusion, let me say that my suggestions for the improvement 

 of Iowa butter are, more parctical methods, taking advantage of the con- 

 ditions as they present themselves. More buttermakers using starters; 

 a better grade of cream, and more assistant dairy commissioners to work 

 in the State. 



I thank you. 



The President : Now, gentlemen, we have a few minutes to 

 ask Mr. Odell some questions. 



Member: ]\Ir. Odell stated that 50 per cent in the State did 

 not use starters. I think there are not 50 per cent in the house 

 that do not. 



Mr. Odell : That may be true in this audience, but the sta- 

 tistics show that 50 per cent in the State do not. 



Mr. Hathaway : At what temperature do vou consider it 

 best to pasteurize gathered cream? 



Mr. Odell : That varies according to the quality of the cream. 

 If the cream was not very sour I would not pasteurize above 160 

 to 165; if quite sour or old cream 180 to 185. 



Gay ]\[iller : Lots of the boys say they want a fifty-gallon 

 starter can. others say a thirty-gallon can. I would like to ask 

 Mr. Odell how much starter he would consider advisable for a 

 creamery receiving 18,000 lbs. of milk? The ciuestion sometimes 

 comes up that we are using too much starter. 



^In. Odell : Twenty or thirty per cent. I do not believe 

 you can use too much starter. Even 35 per cent of good starter 

 will do great deal more good than 10 or 15 per cent, but if you 

 have a poor starter I would not use that much. I find the .average 

 size of a starter can is fiftv gallons. 



