April 3, 1876.J -^4:0 [Price. 



thau it is tliere at present. Norway, Sweden, Scotland, England, Ireland; 

 were so covered, p. 92. This, it is true, was long ago ; yet late cave ex- 

 plorations are supposed to indicate, that t ic latest glacial epoch was since 

 man inhabited the earth. 



Professor Winchell, adopting the glacial theory, states its causes and 

 effects. He rather delights to make science sensational and astonishing. 

 " The high northern latitudes experience an unwonted uplift. Arctic lands 

 raise high their dripping heads above the temperate waters of the polar 

 zone. The climate of the whole northern hemisphere feels the change; 

 No moving currents can now bear torrid warmth to the frozen sea, and re- 

 turn the colder waters to the equatorial zone." " The snows of many win- 

 ters are gathered on the slopes of Northern America." "Glaciers brood 

 over all the land." "The marks of this stupenduous glacier are yet visi- 

 ble." "The northern limit was chained by eternal frost to its rocky bed. 

 The southern only was free to move, and the whole expansion would be 

 developed along the southern border. " (Sketches of Creation, 214.) "From 

 season to season, and from year to year, the mighty mass marched irresistibly 

 forward, mowing down the forests, crushing tree-trunks, or burying them 

 with the rubbish of the rocks, from ten to sixty feet below the surface. ' ' ' 'The 

 great glacier moves onward." "It bridged Niagara River ; it bridged Long 

 Island Sound, and bathed itself in mild waters of the ocean beyond, " p. 218. 

 219. "It made a tabula rasa." River channels were filled up ; "In Ohio 

 and Indiana these buried river-beds are of frequent occurrence. The ancient 

 gorge of the Niagara River was filled by the obliterating agency of this 

 continental glacier. " " It wiped out the trifling furrow, * * making it 

 necessary for the river to begin anew its work," 219, 220. It bore rockis 

 southward twenty, fifty, and even five hundred miles. "These fragments 

 have been transported over lakes, sounds and seas." The glacial agency 

 is not recognized south of the Ohio River, 220, 221. The south was spared ; 

 nay, greatly favored ; for except the chain of mountains, the material 

 ploughed up by the ice was carried by the waters to make the Cretaceous 

 seaboard, the Gulf states and the many more of the Mississippi, and 

 Missouri valleys. 



This reign of ice came after the close of the carboniferous age, and after 

 the land was upraised and dry, and vegetable and animal life existed on it 

 as now, except that man was not yet here. Winchell is so speaking (219, 

 213), and then saj^s, "Next in the order of vicissitudes was a grand conti- 

 nental subsidence. Vast areas of Northern America, that had been raised 

 to the altitude of perpetual snow, were gradually lowered to the ocean's 

 level. Again the interchange of equatorial and polar temperatures was 

 affected by the moving sea-currents, and the climate of summer smiled 

 over the desolate empire of frost," 222. "By degrees Wisconsin, Michi- 

 gan, New York, Ohio and other Northern States disappeared beneath the 

 waves," p. 228. " It seemed like a failure of the plan of creation. The 

 land gained by unnumbered throes of the continent was lost. The 

 higher summits only held their heads above the level of the careering 



