Aprils, 187G.] -^^^ [Price. 



Neck southwest and southeast ; south and west of Patterson south GO to 75 

 degrees west ; Second Mountain and Rook Mountain southwest and 15 to 

 65 desirees west. p. 228. "The stones and boulders are in many cases 

 from distant localities," those containing fossils are found in place only on 

 the northwest side of Kittatinny Mountain. 229. "Two skulls of the 

 walrus, an animal living only in the polar seas, have been found in the 

 gravel near Long Branch." p. 342. These were, no doubt, ice borne ; the 

 question is whether by floating or creeping ice? Parts of South Carolina 

 has undergone a similar denudation of one hundred and fifty feet. Tuomey 's 

 Gel. Rept. 102. All these are evidences of the doings of ice, and of cur- 

 rents of water from the northward, and not of the rigid movement, and 

 grinding, leveling power of a gigantic ice-sheet. 



British America, north of and including Canada, is generally a plane ; 

 its lakes being from three hundred to eight hundred feet in height ; and 

 the chain of great lakes bounding the United States are from two hundred 

 and thirty-two to six hundred feet, the height of Lake Superior ; so that 

 the rise between Quebec and the west end of that lake, twelve hundred 

 miles, averages six inches a mile. Survey of Canada, 1863, p. 6, 7. A ta- 

 ble of one hundred and forty -five glacial grooves is given in the Survey of 

 Canada, with a general southern direction, p. 890, of which eighty-four 

 range west of south, some of them from 45 to 76 degrees, and fifty-seven 

 range eastward, some of them from 45 to 80 degrees, or approaching an 

 easi and west direction. These are in Southern Canada, below SO^SO' of 

 north latitude. Along the Ottawa the furrows conform in a general way 

 to the direction of the river valleys, the limits of which appear to have 

 guided the moving masses producing the present grooves." lb. 889. 



The superficial deposits in llie vicinity of Montreal show former sea 

 margins at the heights of 470, 440, 386, and 220 feet over the sea level. 

 Dr. Dawson, Geol. Report of 1863, p. 918. Below the lowest level and 

 about one hundred feet above the St. Lawrence, or one hundred and twenty 

 above the sea, are the stratified deposits of gravel and fine-grained 

 sand ; then comes a calcareous gray sand, which rests upon the boulder 

 clay, which is filled with rounded and striated fragments of various rocks, 

 all of the thickness of about one hundred feet, of which the boulder for- 

 mation is the greater part. The rocks beneath are polished and grooved. 

 The boulders were drifted southwestward, and came from 40^ to 70° east 

 of north. lb. — . Yet, towards the mouth of the St. Lawrence, a Gaspe 

 boulder of limestone, 40 feet in diameter, has been moved several miles 

 north or northeastward, and blocks of granite from Table-topped Mountain 

 down Magdalen Valley several miles northeastward. Dr. Dawson descril)ed 

 similar instances of northward transportation of boulders in Nova Scotia. 

 lb. 803. The White Mountains were at long distance of time twice ele- 

 vated, first by a force from north 80'^ west, then from south 10° east, which 

 indicates the thrusts of oceanic depressions from the west as well as from 

 the Atlantic. See C. H. Hitchcock's Rep. to JST. Ham. Leg. for 1871, p. 9. 

 It is thus seen that Canada as well as New England and the Mississippi 



