Qatschet.] 'J-^O [Xov. 17, 



Mexico). But more frequently only one part of it appears as k', ka, g'; b', 

 ba, p', pe — as in: tcheno to be, tchapcno not to be; neenov to know i?), 

 nek-enov to ignore, gin',venu/do not know (g is here the negative particle); 

 shai ka tu Icl I have no time; shaya yetso^vanak on be: I tcds not in the house. 

 Where it can be done, the negative particle is incorporated into the stem of 

 the verb as ba or bo: he-el 3'a,va he eats, he-el ya.vabo he does not eat, 

 ;i:aA;aha I teas or went, ;ta,\abaha I was not or did not go. No ! as a nega- 

 tive answer to an inquiry is aga, {a-kn)\ 



Kapa, the two particles combined, or kapai, kapa-i, evidently has the 

 force of an adjective: "none, nothing": shai ax kapa yeShik I Jiare no 

 water; shai a,i:uen,va kapa yevuesh I have no horse. It is also pronounced 

 kopei, kopeia, and in this form occurs as a privative particle in compounds: 

 shen^on dress, coat: sankuon-kopei naked, kopeia-veika poor, indigent (the 

 root of veika lies in yevuesh to be ponses.sed of). 



The lirst syllable of the word (ka-,ko-) probably occurs also in a pro- 

 tracted form in ka-a sick. 



PREFIXES. 



A number of prefixes can easily be pointed out in T. verbs and nouns, but 

 to find out the real power and original meaning of these prefixed sylla- 

 bles is a difficult task. He- is a frequent prefix in nouns and verbs, and is 

 found also in interrogative pronouns and particles as well as in the demon- 

 strative pronoun of the third person singular; he-el, helatla, he, himself. 



lie-yatchon eyeglass, cf atche to see. 



he-lepuen tree, forest. 



lie-ntaitchon tooth. 



henshon blood cf. ya-tson heart. 



ha-lonkai,va.r k7iife, cf. ya-lona to kill. 



lia-wei, ha-vei large, big, high, tall. 



he-ktau-e to sing, chant. 



ha-i^o to ride on horseback. 



The prefix ne- occurs cpiite often and is used in forming verbs from 

 nouns and nouns from nouns or verbs, as can be inferred from the follow- 

 ing examples : 



ne-batka to smoke, from ba.vka, tlio English word tobacco. 



ne-shuana to shoot, and ne-svon- in the compound nesvon-pillel round of 

 ammunition. 



ne-vauva to expire, die. 



nek-enov to ignore (lit. "not-well [know]"). 



ne-muetan eye (root probably in nietan to flash up). 



ni-muetchxon nose, derived from the preceding. 

 • ni-kamon bone. 



ni-stevon ice, from te^on rock, stone. 



ne-shgashan-oyuk towel. 



The most frequent of all the T. jirefixes is undoubtedly ya-, ye-, yo-, 

 found in verbs as well as in nouns. In active verbs it seems to fulfill the 

 functions of an object-particle incorporated into the verb, as we see it occur- 



