1876.] > 0-21 [Gatschet. 



ring in many Mexican, Southern and Northern languages; in Aztec f.i. 

 the particles te-, tla-, tetla-, are used for this purpose. The nature of this 

 particle is elucidated by the following grammatical juxtapositions : 



kala mouth : ya-;i'a to eat. 



shaya tchen vantch I see thee : naya ki ye-tchu tlioti seest me. 



veika possessed-of, having (in : kopeia-veika indigent) : shai ye-vuesh / 

 possess (a,\:uen,va a horse) : auvash ye-ya^anosh I eat buffalo-meat (here the 

 particle occurs twice). 



In these sentences the particle ye-, connected throughout with transitive 

 verbs, has a reference to the direct object, which either precedes or follows 

 the verb. It is found to occur also in the following transitive verbs : ya- 

 lona to kill, yo-joya to hunt, perhaps also in eisatuk to cut, sever, if this 

 term is misspelt for ye-satuk. 



Some of the following substantive nouns built up with this particle can 

 be distinctly traced to their respective radicals : 



ye-tso,tan house, originally tent, from tsoj cloth. 



ye-tsoje i-tsan button, from tsoj cloth. 



e shauke-huen shirt (probabljMnstead of ye-tsoke-huen, from tsoA' cloth), 



3'a-,vau spur, from x^X^ to go (or to make go?). 



ye-ko;i:on boot, from ka:t:a, X&X& to go. 



ye-kevan entrails, guts, from kevano loet. 



ya-tejon stone, rock, cf. helepuen-te^^ek "mountain-forest," 



ye-ntan wind. 



yo-tchan nail (on fingers and toes). 



ya-tson heart. 



ye-la chair, seat. 



e-ba;t:u-eta icoman (instead of ye-ba,YU-eta?). 



ya-tch-jenon bread, from ya-;ta to eat. 



The word for stone, rock seems to have two forms : texon, and ya-texon, 

 and the circumstance, that this prefix ya-,ye - is generally found in sub- 

 stantives along with the affix -an, -on, -en, etc., proves that there exists 

 some connection between the two. Evidently they are the two principal 

 elements used in building up substantives from the monosyllabic roots. 



There are many reasons for assuming that s-, sh- is a Tonkawa prefix, 

 though it cannot yet be distinctly proved to be such. It occurs in the fol- 

 lowing pronouns, nouns and verbs : 



shaya, shai /, myself. 



hetet-sha whereto ? 



hetet-sho-olok what thing ? 



shapon to hide, conceal. 



shoyana to swim, cf esvalan fish, aye to move, or live in toater. 



soskuono to hear cf. ;i:aion (in :-enatch-xaion ear). 



si , se- is also prefixed to the numerals 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. 



A few terms of Loew's vocabulary begin with the syllable ok-, which I 

 presume to be rather a generic term than a prefix. Perhaps it means 

 "animal" or "quadruped," for it occurs in okau skin, fur-skin, okemeillo 



