Gatschet.l ^-^^ [Nov. 17, 



Tiog, sicine, okmek lion, and probably stands also in the initial syllable of 

 okopak-.von hat (originally made of skins or fur), in : ajuen va home, and 

 ukucn dog, which is spelt ekkvan by Mr. von Kupprecht. We have here 

 another instance of the curious fact that the horse and the dog are called 

 by Indians with the same root or word-stem and we would possess many 

 more of these instances, if the horse was not so frequently called by the 

 imported Spanish tenn kaway, kavayo. The following table gives an 

 enumeration of the terms for horse and for dog from various tongues : 



Islela (New Mexico) ganida, liorae kuj'anidfi, dog. 



Natchez wvskupser wvskup (v = a short surd a.) 



Yuma-Tonto (Arizona) ;i:ata tsata. 



Dakota shunktanka shunka. 



Payute pung-gii pung-guts. 



Sahaptin kiissi kussikussi. 



Wintoon (California) shuku kanti-shuku. 



Klamath uatch uatchaga 



The last-named term uatch simply means "living creature, being," and 

 uatchaga is its diminutive, from ud to exist, to live, to stay; applied to our 

 Tonkawa terms composed with ok-, this supports the opinion, that ok and 

 its compounds have a similar signification of creature, or animated being. 



The Natchez term for horse is the augmentative of waskup dog, and as 

 Dr. D. G. Brinton has shown, was is "apparently a generic term for a cer- 

 tain class of animals," and occurs as we in the language of the Uchees or 

 Yuches, which forms a similar series of compounds. 



Okemeillo hog, swine is really the "beast feeding on the meadow," for 

 hueu-meil means prairie or meadow. 



AFFIXES. 



Of a more diversified character than the formative prefixes are the forma- 

 tive affixes, that is the syllables appended to roots or word-stems, and in- 

 tended to form derivatives. 



We frequently meet f.i. a terminal syllable -i in nouns, which is ap- 

 pended almost only to vowels and often coalesces with them into a diph- 

 thong : 



shave -1 shadow, shade. a;\:aloi ant. 



esamo-i bro&mweed. kapai nothing. 



take-i head. tei-i liver. 



ts61ai cloud. senanda-vas-i copperhead snake. 



A second derivational affix -eta occurs in the words : 



nemuetan eye. 



beA'ueta, ebajueta woman. 



keta-, kete- friend, partner (in : ketepanon my partner). 



Compare this affix with eta to come and with the particle heteta? where f 

 A third affix in -k (ak, -ek, -ik, -ok) frequently turns up in substantives, 

 adjectives, and other parts of speech : 

 kalok beard, mustache, from kala mouth. 



