1876.] *^^^ [Gatschet. 



tsatsxok piece, slice (f.i. of meat). 



A'ak hair (on head). 



galak more. 



hitanok soon, in a short time. 



malek, in : nemuetan malek eyelid. 



ok-mek lion. 



oyuk sack, pocket, bag, cf. toyo to put into. 



namek dry wood. 



makik yellow 2) gold. 



masslok white; 2) cattle. 



This -k affix seems to indicate a spot or place and may be equivalent 

 sometimes with "on him, on it, on this." See the locative case below. 



The existence of a fourth affix -la, -Ian, -lo (o frequently alternates with 

 a, both being probably surd a), occurring as yet in substantive nouns only, 

 may be inferred from the following words : 



anip-'hei-la, enop.Ya-lo moskito. 



apinki-llin fly of various colors, red, etc. 



esva-lan fisJi, enko-6-la bird. 



hakulano valley "where water is," cf ax water. 



ka-la mouth, from ya-;i:a to eat. 



kva-lo stick, in ne-A:o-o-kvalo gun, rifle from kue, kve wood, 



xa-\an fever and ague, from ka-a sick. 



xa-\o tumbler, drinking-glass, from jane to drink. 



massloj-e-lan snoic, from masslok white. 



na jtchon-se-lon fire-match, from na;t:tchon flre. 



tcho-<3-lan excrements. 



-la is found also in the personal pronoun helat-la he, himself, but this is 

 most likely the particle ala, which occurs in many other pronouns and is 

 here apocopated, as the possessive elatan {his, hers, or its) demonstrates. 



In the numeral series, this particle ala is used to form the decades or tens 

 and may be rendered by " times" : 



sikba;i: ten. 



sikbaj ala kita ttoenty, (10 times 2). 



sikbax ala mitish thirty, etc. 



In spite of the small number of Tonkawa verbs, of which we are cogni- 

 zant, some formative endings constantly recur, and we are therefore justi- 

 fied to consider them as derivational affixes forming verbs. One of them is 

 -aua. -ua: 



atsoA'aua to cool down, from atso^ cool. 



hektaue to sing. 



koA'OA'ua to breathe, keshkua to be fond of. 



Another, the sixth of our series, is -a7ia, -ana, -ono etc., which we dis- 

 cover in the following verbs: 



shoyana to swim. 



metan (instead of metana?) to flash up (said of lightning). 



ne-shuano to shoot. 



