Ashburner.] •^■*^ [Feb. 16. 



striita of sandstone, shale and shaly sandstone, conglomerates and impure 

 limestones. The pervading color of the sandy parts is brick red, though 

 often lijrhter, and sometimes of a deeper color, from a larger proportion of 

 iron ; while the coarser parts are often gray and the shales are grren. 

 Beds of green shaly sandstone are interstratified with the red friable sand- 

 stone, and these are succeeded by a compact kind of conglomerate rock." 



The following section of the Red Catskill is given by Prof. Fontaine 

 (Silliman's Journal, January, 1877), constructed near Lewis Tunnel on 

 the Chesapeake and Ohio R. R., W. Va. : 



No. 3, 150' ±z Red marl and sandstone, containing more sandstone 

 than No. 2. 



No. 2, 70' Dark red marlites with ochreous and very argillaceous 

 sandstones. Balls and nests of limonite and de- 

 composed pyrites. [- 340' 



No. 1, 120' Deep red marlites alternating with thick bedded and 

 argillaceous reddish-brown sandstones in about equal 

 proportions. Tliese are underlaid by coarse sand- 

 stones containing Cliemuug fossils. 



No. IX is between 1,000 and 2,000 feet thick where it outcrops south 

 of the anthracite coal fields, and on the south flank of the Catskill Moun- 

 tains in New York. In the northern counties of Pennsylvania and in the 

 north flank of the Catskill Mountains (N. Y.) it is probably between 400 

 and 600 feet thick. 



Tliis Formation forms the mass of the Catskill Mountains of New York, 

 and the middle flank of the Pocono Mountains on the Pennsj'lvania side 

 of the Delaware River. After passing the Lehigh River, its strata assume 

 a vertical attitude, and the outcrop of its harder parts makes the southern 

 of the two crests of the Second Mountain nearly to the Susquehanna River. 

 Wherever the dip approaches 4.3° the red Catskill sandstones of IX form a 

 bold terrace on the flank of the mountain, the crest being made b3^ the 

 Pocono sandstone of X, as in Peter's Mountain, at the mouth of the 

 Juniata. Along the face of the Alleghany Mountain, this terrace of IX 

 is cut up into a series of buttresses projecting from the escarpment. 

 Around Broad Top the same terrace structure has given occasion for the 

 name Terrace Mountain, which is merely the prolongation (in a curve 

 backward) of the Sideling Hill which our Section crosses. 



The formation contains in the Broad Top country no stratum of any 

 economical importance. An iron ore bed occurs about 400 feet below the 

 upper horizon. Its thickness is undetermined, and it was merely located 

 from its outcropping on the north-west side of Smith's Valley, where it 

 occurred as a very silicious brown hematite. It will probably never 

 prove to be a workable bed. 



Tninitition strata between the Catskill and Chemung epochs: 



Thickness (Nos. 107 to 96 inclusive) 90 feet. 



Character : Consists of yellow, red, green and olive shale and sandstone. 



