CJatschc't.] boO [April «. 



r, for this sound is extremely rare in Indian languages.* Our sh and tfi 

 are wanting, hut the /, not frequent in America, occurs here and in the 

 Chahta-^Ii'iskoki dialects, while Apalache shows no trace of it. (See 

 specimen of this language in Ilisioricnl Magazine of New York, 1860, page 

 40.) Very few inst;inces occur, where a consonant is geminated (ulipassaj, 

 but with vowels this is ver^v common. The surd pronunciation of a vowel 

 is not distinguished in the texts from the clear and nasal one, but it is na- 

 tural to assume that some of the e's were what the French c<\ll e muet$. 

 Nasalizing is sometimes indicated b}^ a final n. 



The interchangeability of a class of consonants observed through all 

 America is found also in Timucua and it would be singular indeed if we 

 did not discover it in this peninsular idiom. The cause of this phenome- 

 non must he sought for rather in the capacities of the auditory organ than 

 in the structure of the vocal tube, we think. The following alternative 

 processes are observed : 



b and V, mobicho, mocicho ; bain, valii. 



b and m, hacliibueno, hachimueno. 



h and/, ini/ii, inifi. 



I and r, oyolano, oyorano ; tchiri, tchale. 



t and (1, mania, manda. 



Alternating vowels : 



o 



ue and o hachibueno, hachibono. 



Pareja does not mark but exceptionally the emphasized syllable of a 

 word, but we can safely assume that the accent rested on the radical sylla- 

 ble in words of three or less syllables, and that many particles were added 

 enclitirallj/ to the words governing them. The elision of unaccented vow- 

 els occurs at times and then causes two consonants to follow each other. 



Inflection. 



Timucua incorporates particles of relation to a large extent and has also 

 reached a considerably high degree of polysynthetism. The differentiation 

 between verb and noun is not so thorough as in the Indo-European tongues, 

 and we find that many particles of relation occur in both classes of words. 

 These latter particles are -mpxed to the radical syllable and prefixes are 

 seldom found. Duplication of the root or of any other syllable is a rather 

 uncommon means of gninunatical synthesis, neither is it of frequent use in 

 any of the eastern languages of North America. 



The noun is infiected by means of postpositions and case-suflixes. The 

 locative case is expressed by -mi: pahami, in the house, sometimes by la : 

 (irotala, in tlie bed, or by -lua : mocama, in the sea. But this jiarticle -ma is 

 used to express the most diverse relations of the noun and also of the verb ; 

 it does not only form plurals of substantives, but also possessive, dative, 

 objective and other cases, and thus seems to be comparable in some respects 



* In It the sound kli, the (ireek X, which .Spanish gramnuirs of American lan- 

 guages rcinltT SI) Diicn by 11? 



