370 lOUA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



dairy cow than that theory, that these animals \Yill produce well because 

 of the conditions surrounding them in times gone by. It does not make 

 any difference what kind of posterity we may have or what type of 

 cow we may have, if she is not able to give the actual demonstration 

 of her merits in actual tests she is not a good cow. The reason, I be- 

 lieve, that many of them do not produce well is that they are not sur- 

 rounded by the right kind of treatment. This has been demonstrated by 

 good dairy farmers who have bought cows from other dairy men and 

 fed them well and made them produce well. It has been demonstrated 

 at some of our experiment stations iu Kansas, Michigan and others 

 where they have bought cows in various communities in which those 

 stations have been located, cows that were considered poor individuals, 

 fed them under good conditions, with good liberal feed and right kind 

 of ration, and demonstrated they were animals of superior merit that 

 had never been recognized. 



So it is everywhere; there are many of our best animals, especially 

 in the dairy breeds, that are never recognized because of the fact that 

 they never have had the opportunity to develop their inherent capacity. 

 Those inherent capacities are to a large extent existing in all breeds. 

 We hear about milking strains; there are cattle of all breeds that will 

 milk well. The milk giving function is closely associated with mater- 

 nity and we find this existing in greater or less degree in all breeds. 

 It is much more uniform, of course, and much more strongly asserted in 

 the breeds that have been developed especially for that purpose. 



I have here some illustrations of cows of different types that we have 

 tested and I want to call your attention to the records of some of them. 

 (Here the speaker shows pictures and charts of different cows.) 



Here is a representative of the Red Poll breed, a cow that produces 

 6,557 lbs. of milk in twelve months and 297.3 lbs. of butter; average test 

 of butter fat was 3.88 per cent; the cost of producing one pound of 

 butter was 7.3c., — cost of feed. 



Here is a representative of the Holstein breed that in thirty days pro- 

 duced 72 3-4 lbs. of butter, about two and a half pounds a day. This 

 cow was in milk for two and a half years consecutively and during 

 twelve months of that two and a half years she made 336 lbs. of butter. 

 This is a good illustration of persistency in the milking habit, and this 

 is a type that represents the persistent milking habit. This was a large 

 cow of great middle and digestive capacity and a cow that had this 

 milking habit so strongly fixed that when we failed to get her to breed she 

 kept on milking two and a half years and during the last twelve montjhs 

 made 336 lbs. of butter. Early in the period she made over 2% lbs. 

 of butter a day. That represents the type of cattle that have been pro- 

 duced under native conditions I have described in Holland and the Neth- 

 erlands. 



We will go to the other special dairy type, the Jersey. We find the cow 

 much smaller, much finer, cleaner cut, with less capacity tor consuming 

 feed but a capacity for converting the feed that she consumes into richer 

 product. That cow (showing picture) in twelve months gave 5,587 lbs. 

 of milk from which we made 513 lbs. of butter. Her average test for 



