SIXTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII. 487 



the mare should also be repeated twice daily until all discharge from 

 the vagina subsides. The strong disinfectant solution applied to the navel 

 at birth destroys any germs present and the after applications keep the 

 part absolutely free from germs besides having cauterizing and astring- 

 ent effects which are nighly beneficial. As it is often necessary to tie 

 the foal's navel at birth always be careful to use a cord that has been 

 kept soaked in 5 per cent, solution of coal tar disinfectant, carbolic acid, 

 or 1-2000 solution of corrosive sublimate. After tying cord apply the 

 strong corrosive sublimate solution as above prescribed. 



Where this treatment is followed carefully navel disease will not occur 

 and there is the added benefit of preventing a form of scours which is also 

 due to infection of the navel. Where personal attention cannot be given 

 several times a day the work may be lessened by covering the navel with 

 antiseptic cotton on which h?.s been freely sprinkled a mixture of one 

 ciram of iodoform and seven drams of boracic acid. This should be used 

 after wetting the navel with the strong corrosive sublimate solution and 

 is to be held in place by a wide bandage around the body. The dressing 

 should be renewed once daily until the navel has healed. 



THE BREEDS OF HORSES. 



Our modern breeds of horses, descended from the original wild horses 

 of Europe, Asia and Africa, owe their peculiarities of type, character and 

 conformation to the effects of environment and selection. 



Where food has at all times been abundant and the climate mild, 

 weight of body and size and strength of bone have naturallj^ developed 

 in the horses there raised, while opposite conditions have tended to lessen' 

 size and refine the frame. The heavy draft horses are descended from the 

 large, more sluggish and somewhat ungraceful horses at one time common 

 in the low, flat regions extending from the North Sea to the Euxine; the 

 horses of lighter conformation descend from the Arabian, Barb, Turkish, 

 Persian, Spanish and other similar horses developed in regions that were 

 comparatively hot. dry and unproductive and "where' a sparse supply of 

 food made frequent changes of grazing ground a necessary essential of 

 existance" and caused them to become "distinguished for spirit, activity, 

 speed and endurance."* 



THE THOKOUGHBRED. 



The name "thoroughbred" belongs solely to the British racing horse, 

 or "blood hcrse." and should not be used in speaking of any other breed. 

 This breed was founded by mating native British mares of mixed blood 

 with stallions of Oriental blood — such as the Arab, Barb and Turk — with 

 the object of obtaining horses noted for fleetness and endurance. The 

 following Oriental stallions were most prepotent in founding the breed: 

 White Turk, the Byerly Turk, the Darley Arabian and the Godolphin 

 Barb, and their blood descends in the male line through such noted modern 

 sires as Herod. Eclipse and Match 'Em. The Racing Calendar was 

 published m 1752; a list of distinguished sires in 1786 and in 1791 the 



*Sanders' Hcrse Breeding, pp. 184-185. 



