SIXTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK — PART VII. 519 



the judge as the horse goes from him, at both walk and trot. The feet 

 should be lifted quickly, fully and rythmically and set down squarely and 

 firmly. There should be no paddling, dishing, cutting or interfering; nor 

 should the fore legs roil or the hind legs be carried too close together 

 or too far apart. In judging of action note the movements of each leg 

 and foot, the handling if each joint and the carriage of the entire body as 

 the horse walks and trots around an enclosure, from the observer and to 

 him. Lameness should be absent. The hocks should be carried well 

 together. Rolling in front in due to too great width of chest. Stubby 

 stilty action in front indicates straight or too upright pasterns or 

 shoulders, foot troubles or weak knees. Similar action of the hind legs 

 indicates upright pasterns, u.nsound feet, hock disease, weak stifles, hip 

 weakness or kidney troubles. Knee and hock action should both be free 

 and comparatively high. 



Temperament. — A draft horse should have an energetic disposition but 

 should be free from vice, docile tractable and intelligent. Sluggishness, 

 associated with obesity is objectionable and induces diseases such as 

 "grease," eczema, and "lymphangitis." 



Head. — The head should be of good size in keeping with the propor- 

 tions of the body, free from grossness, meatiness, coarseness, pronounced 

 angularities. 



Muzzle. — Should be fine, compact, of good quality as regards skin and 

 hair, nostrils large and flexible and their lining and that of the partition 

 between the nostrils (septum nasi) pink in color, healthy, free from 

 ulcei's or purple spots; discharge should be absent; bad odor suggests 

 chronic catarrh or a diseased molar tooth; lips should be thin, mobile 

 but firmly pursed, not drooping. 



Eyes.- — Should be large, bright, mild in appearance, sound, free from 

 cloudiness, white spots or ring, not staring and bulging as in palsy of 

 the sight (amaurosis), each of the same color, lids free from wrinkles, 

 discharge of tears over face is objectionable. Test eyes by gently threat- 

 ening to strike them with hand. Horse should flinch under this test; 

 pupils of eyes should be elliptical in form, not spherical, and should con- 

 tract when exposed to the light en coming from a dark stable. 



Forehead. — Should be wide between eyes as an indication of intelli- 

 gence and profile of face should not be too prominent (Roman nose) or 

 too much dished. 



Ears. — Should be of medium size, proportionate according to size 

 of body, pointed, well carried, not coarse. If rigid, suspect deafness; if 

 too alert and constantly moving, suspect eye disease or imperfect vision. 

 They should be free from slits or other injuries and from discharging 

 fistula at base. 



Lower Jaw. — Angles should be wide and space between jaws clean and 

 free from abscesses or tumors. Jaws too close together mean poor masti- 

 cating capabilities and horse is usually a "hard keeper." 



Neck. — Should be strong, massive, of sufficient length, well arched, 

 covered with strong muscle, nicely and neatly fitted into head, clean at 

 poll and throat-latch, molded evenly and snugly into withers and shoulders, 

 ssund at seat of collar, mane full and lying properly, free from sores in 

 skin, windpipe large and prominent, jugular vein uninjured by bleeding. 



