December i, 1904.] 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



79 



Not only does this chafing action affect the threads of the tire, 

 but it also generates an internal frictional heat. The constant 

 subjection of the rubber and fabric to heat has a deteriorating 

 effect on the tire. 



A tire made of square woven cloth is subject to damage by 

 any moisture which can get to the cloth by reason of a cut in 

 the outer rubber cover, or otherwise, and as each thread in 

 each layer of the cloth comes in contact with the other, the 

 whole of that layer may be affected by the moisture, as the 

 capillary attraction will allow the wet or moisture to travel the 



Q. & J. THREAD FABRIC. 



[Showing its appearance after iiaving been fi ietioned on one side. Note the 

 beads of rubber that lia\ e been lorceti between tlie threads.] 



entire length of the cloth, while in the thread tire the moisture 

 would only affect the few individual threads indirect contact with 

 the cut, for the reason that the threads in this tire do not touch 

 each other — an important point in considering the life of a tire. 

 Each layer of cloth used in this process is rubbered, or fric- 

 tioned. before being put into the tire. This consists of a rub- 

 ber surface on the cloth, and the rubber is pressed into the 

 meshes of the cloth, forming, as it were, a small individual 



Q. &. J. THREAD FABRIC. 



[Sliowins the way the strong threads cross each otlter, with rubber between 

 tile layers.] 



rubber rivet. When the different layers of fabric are built up 

 in a tire, the greater part of the adhesion is reckoned on a 

 basis of the strength of the rubber rivets referred to. These 

 rivets are formed in the shape of the mesh of the cloth at the 

 time it is vulcanized or cured, which is done by heat under 

 pressure. With the cloth cut on a bias, and the tire changing 

 in shape as it does in service, the shape of the mesh itself 

 changes, having a tendency to destroy the adhesion of the rub- 



ber to the fabric, and at the same time, the fabric changing po- 

 sition has a tendency to destroy or break the rubber rivet. 

 The action is really an opening and closing one, which not 

 only cuts off the rivet, but injures the fabric at the same time, 

 and when once these rivets begin to let loose, the adhesive 

 power is lessened, and the layers of fabric, or as it may be, the 

 outside cover begins to let loose. This action materially assists 

 the chafing action, already described, to set up a frictional ac- 

 tion, which is indicated by the internal heat of the tire. 



With the threads used in making the 1905 G & j tires, the 

 fabric consists of a number of parallel threads of great strength. 

 The uniform tension of the individual threads is assured by the 

 fact that an absolute check is placed upon each thread, which 

 is an essential point, and it is also important that these threads 

 should be so laid that they cross each other at the proper 

 angle, and by the methods pursued it has been possible to ac- 

 complish this result. 



If the threads were under irregular tension, those on the 

 greatest tension would have a tendency to exert an undue pres- 

 sure on the threads which they cross at right angles, and pos- 

 sibly result in destroying the threads. Each thread is imbed- 

 ded in a cell of rubber, forming a perfect insulation, and there 

 is a layer of rubber between the different layers of threads, 

 preventing the threads from coming in contact in crossing 

 each other. By this method of construction, each thread, 

 while acting under the same conditions and in harmony with 

 the other threads, operates separately, preventing the heating 

 already referred to, which is common in tires made of square 

 woven cloth. In the thread tire there is one continuous rub- 

 ber bead running the entire length of the tire between each 

 thread, which insures a perfect union between the different 

 layers of threads as well as an ideal union with the rubber 

 cover itself, which allows the tire to be vulcanized or cured in 

 what can properly be termed one solid, homogeneous mass, 

 with merely the threads laid in the rubber. Those threads are 

 very pliable, and allow the tire to change position in service 

 with the slightest possible resistance, which means, as has been 

 proved by extensive experience, that the tires are very pliable, 

 fast, and free from internal heating. 



It has also been proven that a tire of the thread fabric con- 

 struction will last much longer than other tires, because with 

 the threads there is not the self-destroying tendency that ex- 

 ists with the square woven cloth tire, and in consequence the 

 thread tires will literally wear out in road service rather than 

 have their usefulness ended by self destruction. Any tire that 

 can stand the use and abuse of a racing car will stand anything 

 and the new tire described here has been in use for some 

 months, on most of the American makes of racing cars, and 

 with the most satisfactory results. 



SWINEHART'S NEW SOLID TIRE. 

 In the specification of United States Patent No. 772.636, 

 James A. Swinehart (Akron, Ohio) points out that a practical 

 rubber tire should have a high degree of cushioning character, 



