378 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



large amounts of oil in it making it lighter than the rest. The remain- 

 der passes through Buhr mills of the same type as used in making 

 flour. This pulverizes the gluten, bran and starch as fine as possible. It 

 is then passed over frames of very fine silk bolting cloth, which sifts 

 out the bran and lets the gluten and starch fall through. The starch 

 being the heavier falls to the bottom. Prom this starch is made glu- 

 cose, grape sugar, dextrine, and several varieties of gum. Glucose is 

 simply grape sugar, quite similar In its composition to honey. 



The corn germs are thoroughly dried and ground to a fine powder, 

 which is put under a hydraulic press, which removes the oil. The rest 

 is corn oil cake, which, when ground up, makes corn oil meal. Corn 

 oil when vulcanized becomes corn rubber, which is mixed with Para 

 rubber for the manufacture of boots and shoes. The bran is used for 

 stock food, the gluten being used as gluten meal or mixed with bran 

 and called gluten feed. 



These represent a few only of the by-products as they go on the 

 market, for there are a number of varieties of starch, a number of glu- 

 coses, three kinds of gum, four kinds of sugar, six kinds of syrup, in- 

 cluding maple syrup fresh from the trees away back in Vermont, and 

 others too numerous to mention — about one hundred in all. 



CORN CULTURE. 



A. D. STiamel in Breeders' Gazette. 



As a result of the many letters on corn cultivation which have ap- 

 peared in your journal, I have received many inquiries as to the results 

 of our experiments on this question. As most of our recent experiments 

 along this line have not appeared in bulletin form, I will briefly out- 

 line some of our results. 



A test of a few of the different methods of cultivation in use at 

 present resulted as follows: 



Weeds allowed to gro.v 58 loushels per acre. 



Weeds cut out with hoe and a loose mulch made with 



hoe, "frequent cultivation" 96 bushels per acre. 



Two inches deep cultivation, small shovels 90 bushels per acre. 



Four inches deep cultivation, small shovels 91 bushels per acre. 



Six inches deep cultivation, small shovels 84 bushels per acre. 



Six inches deep cu.ltivation, large shovels 87 bushels per acre. 



Gopher or blade cultivation 88 bushels per acre. 



Deep early, shallow late, smali shovels 85 bushels per acre. 



Shallow early, deep late, small shovels 89 bushels per acre. 



Mulched with grass . 8 bushels per acre. 



The conclusions from this experiment were that all the weeds must 

 be destroyed at any cost. A loose mulch, made by stirring the surface 

 of the soil, was very important in a dry season. Injury to the roots by 

 deep cultivation reduced the yield per acre. To demonstrate the effect 

 of root injury an experiment was carried on for three years with t*he 



