FOURTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK — PART VIII. 543 



obviate the loss which sometimes results from overcrowding in severe 

 weather by trampling or smothering the weaker animals. 



In calculating room for horses, allow a stall nine by fourteen feet 

 for each team and one or more extra stalls that can easily be turned into 

 box stalls for the accommodation of young colts and sick animals; or it 

 would be better if large roomy box stalls could be provided for this pur- 

 pose. Let the apartments for hay and grain be planned on a generous 

 scale, so that an abundant supply of feed may always be kept near at 

 hand. Ir will aid in giving the animals that beautiful color (fat) that 

 has so much influence in making a sale. 



For beef cattle, not much room per animal will be necessary. Floor 

 space of about thirty square feet for each animal will generally be found 

 satisfactory. 



Dairy cattle, to make the best returns for the amount of feed con- 

 sumed and labor bestowed upon them, seem to require warmer quarters 

 than beef animals, for the food consumed goes largely into the produc- 

 tion of milk and butter, while the beef animal makes himself comfort- 

 able with a thick coat of fat. Also, comparatively more floor space will 

 be required for the milking herd, so as to accommodate the milkers. 



It would seem from the appearance of many barns that more atten- 

 tion is given to summer ventilation than to winter comfort, the construc- 

 tion being such as to permit wind and snow entering in abundance. 

 Ventilation is a good thing, but should be by some controllable method. 

 The buildings should be light, dry and comfortables especially where 

 young animals are to be cared for in the cold and damp weather of win- 

 ter and spring. Many young animals suffer irreparable damage by rea- 

 son of cold, damp, dark quarters. This applies with special signiflcance 

 to young pigs. The hog house many times does not receive the attention 

 which conditions would warrant. 



The hog being liable to so many diseases and ailments, and yet withal 

 is an economic source of revenue when he can be induced to live un- 

 til he fulfills his mission on the market, it behooves the farmer to use 

 his best effort in providing a place as comfortable and healthful as pes 

 sible. The main feature of the hog house should be good ventilation and 

 dry, with plenty of light and warmth, especially if young pigs are to i)e 

 cared for in winter or early spring. An interior arrangement that will 

 admit of frequent changing of bedding in the easiest manner and short- 

 est time will possibly be of greater advantage in performing a disagree- 

 able job. 



A cement floor would have the ad'vantage of being smooth, and if 

 properly built, practically indestructible. We have had more experience 

 with cement floors and would be glad if that feature might be taken up 

 in discussion and applied to all farm buildings. 



The most essential feature of cribs and granaries is that they keep 

 the grain dry and in good condition for feed or market. Be sure the 

 buildings are strong enough, so there will be no sagging or bulging that 

 will permit leaking of grain or allow rain or snow to enter. 



