244 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



capacity; she must have room for consumption of a large amount of 

 feed. Capacity is judged by depth of hody and length of body. This 

 is an important point— that she has a good barrel or body; that indicates 

 that she has room for a lot of feed and that is an important factor. 



Another point we must consider — that is the udder. It is in the 

 udder the business is done. That is where the milk is manufactured, 

 and the udder should be large when full of milk, and when you are 

 through milking I like to see a cow whose udder milks down well. I 

 do not like to see a fleshy udder. Have the udder large, extending well 

 back and well down. Now we have all heard a great deal about having 

 a cow with udder square, that is each quarter should be properly devel- 

 oped. That is something which looks nice, but in actual dairy business 

 you will find lots of your best cows are those cows which have not the 

 nicest balanced udders; but from a practical standpoint it does not mat- 

 ter so much whether a cow's udder is properly balanced if she has a 

 good large udder, one that milks down well, and ^ood milk' veins. The 

 milk veins, that is the veins which come from the udder — I like to see 

 them large and numerous, two or three on each side, and have them large 

 and the milk wells, have them large, and the milk veins should be 

 crooked. 



After you have taken these points into consideration I do nbt think 

 there are many other points. Get a good body, a good large udder, large 

 milk veins and large milk wells. These are things always present in a 

 good cow and not very generally present in a poor cow; but between two 

 good cows it is hard to tell which would give the greater amount of milk. 



I have here an enlarged photograph of a cow which we own on lho 

 college farm (shows picture). She is a pure bred Shorthorn called 

 "College Moose." She is a cow that a year ago, just before she had her 

 calf, weighed 1,700 pounds. This cow a year ago won second prize at 

 the Chicago Live Stock Association, in competition with all grades for 

 the best farmer's cow. As a cow she stood first and on her milk record 

 she stood first, but her calf was sick for two months before the exposi- 

 tion and, as the calf counted more than the cow or milk record, she fell 

 to second prize. When this cow is in high class she weighs 1,700 pounds, 

 giving 8,734 pounds of milk, the average test of which is 3.8 per cent, 

 and she has made over 400 pounds of butter at a cost of a little over 

 6 cents per pound. This cow has calves which are fit to go on the market 

 and top the market from a beef standpoint. We consider her a very 

 profitable type of cow. 



I have here on this chart (shows picture) a Jersey cow known as 

 "Nicollett," and she is an exceedingly good cow. This cow has a record 

 of 5,787 pounds of milk, testing 7 per cent. She has an average of 7 

 per cent for the year and has made 513 pounds of butter at a cost of 

 4.7 cents per pound, 1 1-3 cents less than the pure bred Shorthorn cow. 

 Some characteristic things about this cow is a good deep body, length 

 of body, large udder, large milk veins. 



Here is a cow (shows picture) another pure bred Shorthorn cow 

 owned by the college. This picture was taken when she was dry. She 

 differs from some of the others in some points. She has not as much 



