FOURTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK — PART V. 245 



depth of body as some of the other cows; she has a long body and she 

 gets her capacity in length of body. She has not a fancy udder; she 

 has a good hind development but her forward udder is light. Her record 

 is 9,326 pounds of milk in twelve months, average test 4.12 per cent, and 

 has made 449 pounds of butter, and it cost 5 cents per pound. You would 

 not think to look at her she was a very high type of dairy cow, but still 

 she is a producer. 



We have here a pure bred Holstein (shows picture). She has a 

 wonderful depth of body and good length of body, an exceptionally fine 

 udder, very large milk veins. She is a heavy milker. I have not her 

 record for a year but this cow made 72% pounds of butter in thirty 

 days, net profit $8.75 over and above her feeding. A pure bred Holstein 

 cow. She gave a large quantity of milk tested fairly high, consumed 

 considerable feed but still the most profitable cow in the herd. 



I have here a Red Poll cow (shows chart) which has made over 

 300 pounds of butter in a year, and I have on this chart here an Aber- 

 deen Angus cow. She has a record of 336 pounds of butter in a year. 



You are shown on these charts the best cows of difierent breeds. Wo 

 have found good dairy cows in the Shorthorns, in the Aberdeen Angus, 

 m the Red Polls, and exceptionally good in the Jerseys and Holsteins. 

 Here is a cut of a Shorthorn steer (shows chart) born on the college 

 farm out of one of the Shorthorns which I have shown you. I merely 

 present this cut to show you the possibility of pr'oducing beef from a 

 cow that is also a good milk producer. This steer's mother made us 

 over 400 pounds of butter in a year. He was brought up on skim milk 

 and at 263^ months old weighed 1,640 pounds. That made an average 

 gain of over two pounds per day from birth, and was one of six steers 

 that dressed out 64.9 per cent on the Chicago market and was good 

 enough to sell 10 cents higher than the market on the day sold. This 

 simply shows you the possibility of producing calves and milk from the 

 same cow. 



Now after you have selected the dairy cow, pr'obably one of the 

 most important points is the questiono f feeding, that is feeding your 

 cows economically. Feed them so as to give the best results. In feed- 

 ing it is all important that we have a thorough understanding of feed- 

 ing rations, that is the balanced ration, as it is "often called. 



We have a list here of the ordinary feed stuffs grown upon the 

 average farm, and the ordinary feed stuffs which are purchased by the 

 average farmer to feed his dairy cows. The first column represents 

 100 of each of the different kinds of feed stuffs. The blue material rep- 

 resents water. In each and every kind of feed stuff there is a certain 

 amount of water. The red on this chart represents the protein. In 

 analyzing the feed stuffs the chemist finds one constituent he calls pro- 

 tein. This represents the digestible protein. This protein in the food 

 is used for the purpose of nourishing the body, of producing hair and 

 producing nerves, and so on, and it is from the protein part of the food, 

 so far as observations of the present day show, that the milk is pro- 

 duced. That is the red part of the food, so in feeding dairy cows it 

 is all important that you feed them on those feed stuffs which are rich 



