484 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



of blood show all through the kidneys. The lymphatic glands are 

 small glands not much larger in a healthy animal than the nail on 

 j^our little finger. Usually they are of a greenish red or greenish 

 color. When the hog has cholera these glands look bloody or pur- 

 plish or black, depending upon the degree of infection. Then you 

 will find in the more chronic cases ulcers around the blind gut 

 which is found just where the small intestine enters the larger one. 

 These ulcers vary. They may be very small, perhaps not larger 

 than the end of a pencil, and in other cases they are very numer- 

 ous and stand up in the shape of a button. They are greenish or 

 greenish yellow. In hogs that die in a few days after being in- 

 fected these do not show at all. Sometimes the lungs become in- 

 fected and in this case the lungs look like liver and become firm 

 like meat. Sometimes you find the bladder affected. The urine 

 from the hog sick with hog cholera will infect animals and produce 

 the disease. The disease is spread a great deal in this way. 



''Will this vaccination protect from swine plague the same as it 

 does from cholera 1 ' ' 



Dr. Stange : There is some question as to whether Ave have what 

 we call swine plague. Opinions have changed on that. It used to 

 be very confusing. Sometimes there would be lesions in the intes- 

 tines and that was called hog cholera; if the lesions were in the 

 lungs it was called swine- plague. Protection against one disease 

 does not insure protection against another. We know that a hog 

 that has had hog cholera won't have it again and we have not 

 found any hogs that are immune to hog cholera that will take 

 what we used to call swine plague so we have come to the conclu- 

 sion that we have only one disease that is dangerous from a plague 

 standpoint and that is hog cholera. We have it affecting both the 

 lungs and the intestines. 



"Some breeders have accused vaccination of causing abortions 

 and small pigs at birth." 



Dr. Stange : I don't believe there is anything in that. There is 

 one thing that everyone should be careful about and that is to be 

 as clean as possible. Some people think a hog can stand anything 

 but it is necessary to be clean because you will get some bad 

 results if you are not careful. Don't pour the serum out and let 

 it set around in the dust in the shed. Some people can't account 

 for the bad results they get. They get abscesses and three or four 

 animals will die. That is the fault of the man who is doing the 



