22 NOTICES REI.ATING TO CO-OPERATION AND ASSOCIATION 



In the matter of providing food-substitutes the society has been equally 

 active. 



Mention should also be made of lectures on the principles of diet, 

 given or organized in order to demonstrate the necessity of adapting con- 

 sumption to the exigencies of war and to the new products intended as 

 foods. Efforts made to increase kitchen-gardening were no less important : 

 seeds were actually distributed free of cost ; gardening was superin- 

 tended ; and produce was carried to the market. The problem of unemploy- 

 ment was closely studied with the help of the society's labour bureau. 



The second part of the report is given up to the various offices or de- 

 partments of the general secretariat. The office of information has a de- 

 partment occupied by questions inherent in tariffs ; a department of admi- 

 nistration is devoted to the funds and the book-keeping ; and there are a 

 labour office, an office for the sale of milk, an office concerned with feeding 

 live stock, an office for agricultural machinery, and an office for alimentary 

 products which was created in October 1914. We must add to these the 

 offices of the library and museum, the editorial office of the society's agri- 

 cultural journal, and the office of its archives. 



RUSSIA. 



RUBNOFF (S. v.) : The Co-oprative Movement in Russia: its history, significance 

 AND CH.\RACTER. Published by the " Russian Co-operator ", 83, Finsbury Pavement 

 I/)ndon E. C. 2. 1917; 162 pp.; 37 illustrations. 



This book contains a mass of exact and detailed information on the 

 great co-operative movement in Russia, which is playing such an impor- 

 tant part in the economic life of that country. The author gives also a gen- 

 eral review of the state of agriculture in Russia, which is still primarily 

 an agricultural country, the agricultural classes supplying the main back- 

 bone of the co-operative movement. 



The scope of the work of the author can be gauged from the contents 

 of the book, which we give below : 



Chapter I. — Agricultural Russia: 

 i) General Review. 



2) Progress of the Peasants' Small Holdings. 

 Chapter II. — The Co-operative Movement : 

 i) General Remarks. 

 2) Forms of Organization: 



a) Artels — Labour Artels, Kustar Artels. 



b) Agricultural Societies. 



c) Consumers' Societies. 



d) Credit Societies. 



Chapter III. — Co-operative Unions : 



i) The Building-up of Co-operative Unions: 

 2) Unions of Credit Societies. 



