LAND SYSTEM AND COLONIZATION 73 



and aie valid, even among the parties concerned, only from the date of 

 such entry. 



The land books are public. They may be consulted or extracts from 

 them may be obtained as the ministerial decree of 20 July 1913 mles. 



This decree approved the rules to be followed in executing the royal 

 deciee of 26 January 1913, no. 48, wliich we have already resumed, as to 

 the certification of property rights in Cyrenaica and Tripoli. Chapter I 

 of these rules corcerns the land offices, namely their formation and staff, 

 and the nomination of the consultative commission which must advise 

 in all cases of impugnments of provisional certification. Chapter 11 treats 

 of the land registers, both gerseral and special, for {a) the domanial property; 

 {b) the property of Mussulman religious foundations; 3ud (c) property held 

 collectively. Chapter III treats of the land books of free property, the 

 complementary land books and registers of papers, and inscription in the 

 land books. Chapter IV deals with definite and provisional certification 

 of free property, general rules for certification, applications for certification, 

 deeds and papers of certification, special rules for the provisional and final 

 certifications of free property, impugnments of provisional certification, 

 actions against certification and judgements against the negative results 

 of certification. Chapter V concerns the certifications of property rights 

 in estates of the domain, held by Mussulman religious foundations or held 

 collectively. Chapter VI deals with titles to free property and the cession 

 of these, final or provisional titles and complementary papers, and the ces- 

 sion of titles. Chapter VII treats of registration after certification, ge- 

 neral rules, various operations involving new entries in the land books 

 owing to the rectification of a material error, new construction, division, 

 modification of the condition of real estate, etc., and variations relative 

 to the diSerent categories of properties. Chapter VIII is concerned with 

 general provisions, the keeping of registeis and land books, the responsi- 

 bility of the staff, penalties, annulment of titles, delivery of duplicates, 

 copies, extracts and certificates, inspection of registers and land books, and 

 operations preparatory to the formation of the geometrical cadaster. Chap- 

 ter IX contains provisional measures. 



§ 3. Agriculture and Colonization. 



A. — Measures in favour of Agriculture. — Certain and complete data 

 as to agricultural conditions in I^ibya cannot yet be given. The time which 

 has elapsed since the Italian occupation is too short and the events of the 

 war have often prevented the necessar>' investigations. There are two 

 reports or the subjects but they confine themselves to some zores and can- 

 not therefore be considered as giving a complete exposition, and moreover 

 they are largely concerned with technical matters. They are the following : 

 (i) Relazione del Primo Viaggio della Commissione nominata dal- 

 I'on. F. Nitti, Ministro di Agricoltura, sub tenia Ricerche e Studi Agrologici 

 sulla lyibia. — 1. L,a Zona di Tripoli (Report of the First Voyage of the Com- 



