Parti: Co-operation and Association 



HOLLAND. 



DUTCH MARKET-GARDENING AND ITS ORGANIZATION. 



by H. M. R. I<EOPOLD. 



OFFICIAl, SOURCES : 



R. P. BoNTHUis : Fuinbouvv (Horticulture), pp. 294 to 326 of a publication of the General Di- 

 rection of agriculture, " De Nederlandsche I<andbouw in het tijdvak 1813-1913 " (Dutch 

 Agriculture from 1813 tc 1913), The Hague, van I,angenhuysen , 191 4. 



Der G.\rtexbau in den Nederlanden (Horticulture in Holland) , published in several langua- 

 ■ ges by the General Direction of Agriculture, ibid. 1914. 



J.\.\RCYFERS VOOR HET KONINKRIJK DER Nederl.\NDEN (Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom 

 of the Netherlands), 1915 (published 1917) pp. 213 et seq. The Hague, Bros. Belinfarte, 

 1917. 



Versl.ag over dex lyAN'DBOuw IN Nederland OVER 1915 (Report on Agriculture in Holland 

 in 1915), in "Verslagen en Mededeelingen vande Directie van den lyandbouw" (Reports 

 and Co'^n^tinications of the Direction of Agriculture), 1916, No. 3, especially pp. 100-113 

 The Hague, Van I^angenhuysen , 191 6. 



OTHER SOURCE: 



VAN M.\RRE\vij (G. J.) (Secretary-treasurer of the " Public Saleo; Vegetables" at I,oosduinen). 

 De lyoosduinsche Groetenveiling. Haar, orpichting, geschiedenis, werking en nitkomsten " 

 {The Public Sale of Vegetables at Loosduinen : its Foundation, History, Action and 

 Results) 8 illustrations. Naaldwijk, R. van Bergen K^ Co., 1913. 



All the conditions which favottr intensive horticnltnre are united in 

 Holland. The climate is temperate and very damp ; the land marshl- 

 and lying almo.st wholly below the level of the North Sea. Throughout the 

 year there is need for the soil to discharge artificially its surplus of water, 

 and this allows the crops to be kept fresh on the peaty marshes which are 

 naturally ver>' fertile even dttring long droughts. The innumerable water 

 courses which cross the country in every direction, and in several districts 

 surrotmd each vegetable garden with a navigable canal, enormously faci- 

 litate the tran.sport of manures and other material as well as produce. 



For several centuries the Dutch have drawn profit from these natural 

 advantages and have specialized in market-gardening. Some historical 

 facts prove this. In 1516 the Danish King, Chrietian II, invited the inha- 

 bitants of the Waterland near Am.«*terdam to colonize the island of Amager 



