34 INFORMATION RELATING TO INSURANCE AND THRIFT 



the infections diseases of live stock, and the facilitation of the organization 

 of a collective veterinary service and of the common purchase of medicines 

 and disinfectants ; d) the stimulation, standardization and facilitation of 

 the work of local mutual societies in improving zootechnical production, 

 improving pasturage and local roads, establishing a stricter system of fores- 

 stry, and inducing the societies to negotiate for agricultural credit, etc. ; 

 e) the preparation of statistics, reports and all that can serve better to direct 

 the work of insuring live st':^ck ; /) the partial indemnification of the mutual 

 federated societies for losses which may occur in any 3'^ear owing to an exces- 

 sive mortality among live stock due either to natural causes or to accidents. 



The federation will moreover take on its own initiative such action as 

 it judges to to be in its own interest and that of its members in the matter 

 of elaborating by-laws and rules and. uniform systems of book-keeping. 

 Adherent mutual societies will pay an entrance fee of ten francs for every 

 hundred or fraction of a hundred members, and will have the right of avail- 

 ing themselves of the federation's legal services, consulting it, and benefit- 

 ing by its technical and administrative inspections. 



The federation reserves the right to inspect at any time the books of 

 federated mutual societies, to make inspections and visits on the spot when 

 live stock are being valued and when sicknesses and accidents occur. The 

 mutual societies may not oppose this right. 



The b)^-laws of. mutual societies desiring to be federated must contain 

 the following principles; a) a strictly local sphere of action; b) the indi- 

 vidual insurance of animals ; c) insurance according to value; d) the con- 

 tribution of the insured to insurance at the rate of 20 per cent ; s) the 

 premium fixed at no less thani. 20 per cent, of the value of the insured stock. 



The federation undertakes to pay to a local mutual society two thirds 

 of the indemnities annuall}^ due for exceptiomal casualities, that is those caus- 

 ing losses in excess of i per cent, of the insured value. The third part of the 

 indemnity due for such excessive risk and that due for the whole ordinary 

 risk are the liability of the local society. 



The federation's income is constituted by the admission fees of the local 

 mutual societies and the ordinary and extraordinar}'- contributions of the 

 State, the province, other institutions and individuals. It will provide for 

 a reserve fund to be formed of extraordinary income and sums remainnig 

 in hand at the end of each year (i). 



* 



* * 



5. THE " CASSA MUTUA CONTRO GI,I INFORTUNI AGRICOI.I " (2) OF FLORENCE IN 

 1916. — L'Agricoltura toscana, No. 13, Florence, 15 July 1917- 



In Italy there are six mutual societies formed by the spontaneous ini- 

 tiativ^e of owners and managers of farms. They aim at insuring against 



(i) In Italy other provincial fetlerations of mutual live stock societies pIso practise reinsu- 

 rance. The first of them to be active in this field was that of IMilan, and recently like activity 

 has been contemplated by the Federazione Toscana delle Mutue Bestiame (Tuscan Federation 

 of Mutual lyive Stock Societies). See our issue for December 1916, page 59- 



(2) Mutual Fund agtiinst Agricultural Accidents. 



