Nf)TlCR.S 7?ET,ATI.VG TO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN GENKRAL 83 



the seventh i)art, which concerns fliseases of i)lants and field ]>ests, and the 

 eleventh part which concerns niral hygiene and the control of agriculture. 



The second, foui-th and fifth parts are, as we have shown, of cajjital 

 interest to any wishing to follow in all its details the legislative movement 

 which the Eurf)pean crisis has provoked in the matter of the food supply. 

 These parts of the yearbook group everything concerned with the trade in 

 grain and provisioning in general, and the trade in other vegetable foodstu ft s, 

 seeds, manures, oleaginous fruits, textile plants, tobacco, live stock and 

 animal i)roducts and agricultural machiner\- ; the facilities granted for im- 

 portation and the restrictions placed on exportation ; the measures providing 

 against and combatingthe rise of prices, unfair competition and commercial 

 frauds ; the measures regulating, from a legal point of view, commercial 

 contracts ; those intended to prevent the anticipatory^ sale of harvests ; 

 the transport of vegetable and animal products ; the regulation of the indus- 

 tries of vegetable products and chemical manures; and finally the regula- 

 tion of crops in wartime. 



This last chapter contains, for instance, a notable German decree of 

 4 April 1916 which maizes the provisions of a decree of 9 September 1915 

 as to comj)ulsory cultivation applicable to urban lands capable of being cul- 

 tivated. Another German decree, dated 13 April 1916, obliges owners of 

 forests and other lands not agriculturally employed to allow such woods 

 and lands to be used as pasturage. The French decree of 6 October 1916, 

 as to the obligation to bring abandoned lands under cultivation, is also re- 

 j>roduced ; as are the Italian decrees of 19 October and 14 December 1^16. 

 which respecti\-ely encourage increased corn growing, and by means of iti- 

 nerant chairs of agriculture organize propaganda in favour thereof. There 

 is also the text of the Russian decree of 16-29 March 1909, which was again 

 put in force last year, as to the repayment of State loans to farmers for ensur- 

 ing the provisioning of the country. 



Numerous provisions included in the yearbook concern agricultural 

 co-operation, insurance and credit. We will mention* a law of the Philip- 

 pines as to the formation and working of agricultural co-operative societies, 

 a decree of the Regency of Tunis as to associations of owners of olive planta 

 tions, a law of Alberta (Canada) as to women's agricultural associations or 

 farmwives' clubs, a Japanese decree as to the foundation and activity' of 

 co-operative societies, and a Portuguese decree regulating stock-farming 

 syndicates. As to insurance, there are the Austrian ordinance of ii Septem- 

 ber 1916 whichmodifiesthecompulsoryprovisionsof the decree of 22 Novem- 

 ber 1915 as to the insurance contracts made by small mutual insurance so- 

 cieties or a.ssociations for the mutual insurance of live stock ; the Danish 

 law of 6 July 1916 which applies the ])rinciple of compulsory insurance to 

 the accidents of labour, including the labour of agriculture, forestry, horti- 

 culture, stock farming and trade in live stock, the dairy industry, peat lift- 

 ing, the threshing of grain, and milling ; the French law of 25 November 1916 

 as to the insurance of men injured in the war who are employed in industry ; 

 and the Swedish law of 17 June 1916 which makes in.surance against the 

 accidents of labour compulsory. Finally as regards credit, there are a 



