20 INFORjVIATIOX RELATING TO CO-OPERATION AND ASSOCIATION 



profits, evidenced preferablj^ b}^ packing-house returns for a series of years, 

 can be shown. 



" 6 Where loans are based on high vahie — such as a class A orchard 

 land — the term of the loan will be related to the age of the orchard and its 

 proven productivity. Where high productivity is shown it must be assumed 

 that borrowers will be willing and able to meet the increased payments of 

 shorter termed loans.* On such land the term of the loan will be limited 

 to fifteen years. 



" 7- Upon orchards while not considered as class A but which show 

 average profit returns, reasonable consideration will be given as to the en- 

 hancement of the general value of the land, provided such land meets the 

 proper requirements as to its adaptability for other agricultural crops. 



" 8. Xo loans exceeding S400 an acre will be made. This is subject 

 to the approval of the full board of directors of the Federal Land Bank of 

 Berkeley ". 



2. A CO-OPERATIVE CHEESE >M.NUFACTURING AND MARKETING ASSOCIATION 

 IN TILI^AMOOK COUNTY IN OREGON. — Macpherson (Hector) and Kerr (W. H.) 



iu Yearbook ol the United States Department of Agriculture 1916, Washington, 1917. 



A survey of the cheese industry in Tillamook County, Oregon, shows 

 the importance of proper methods of marketing for the stimulation of pro- 

 duction, and the benefits" of concentrated effort. Among the achieve- 

 ments of the Tillamook County Creamery Association are the standardi- 

 zation of the products of its member factories and the elimination of une- 

 qual competition where production and prices are concerned. A study of 

 the methods it has employed is valuable. 



Agriailtural Conditions. — Tillamook County lies near the north-west 

 corner of the State of Oregon between the Coast Range and the Pacific 

 Ocean. The climate is mild ; and the abundant winter rains and cool, 

 clear summer weather produce rich green pasturage almost all the year 

 round. Such conditions make it possible for farmers to obtain large yields 

 of milk without spending much on labour or fodder. 



A small dairy farm in the county, typical of the best of its kind, has 

 been surveyed. Its 53 acres of cleared river-bottom land were valued at 

 S400 an acre in 1914, when §7,000 had been invested in improvements, 

 including the dwelling-house, barn and all outhouses The total invest- 

 ment in the farm was $32,729, and included $2,390 spent on live stock, 

 $1,700 as the value of a motor-car and $500 as the value of machinery. 

 In 1914 the farm supported 35 dairy cows valued at $60 each, 6 yearling 

 heifers valued at $25 each and a Jersey bull valued at $75. One horse 

 was kept and used to draw the milk to the factory. The fifty chickens were 

 kept almost solely for the needs of home consumption. In 1914 the milk 

 sold produced 9,411.36 pounds of fat and gave a gross income of $3,576.32. 

 The expenses for the year were §923.90, which, when subtracted from the 

 gross income, left §2,676.10 as interest on the investment and return for 



