FIFTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK — PART IV. 231 



Mr. Smith : Here is why I am getting at this thing. In 

 Michigan we are building up the dairy industry just as directly 

 and quickly as we can. We do not believe we have struck the 

 bottom when we send men like Kieffer and Smarzo to the 

 creameries. We have got to go further away and send out 

 instructions to the farmer. You Iowa men may be naturally 

 clean, but let me tell you what has happened. Your men who 

 sell separators have gone to our farmers and made them believe 

 that if they will only buy hand separators all they have to do is 

 milk the cows, turn the crank, the cow will take care of herself 

 and the separator will take care of itself. Nothing to do with 

 the cream, only bring it to the creameries speckled and spotted, 

 and they will ask us to make good butter of that by the use of 

 the commercial starter. I want to find out whether it is possible 

 under God Himself for a commercial starter to take farm cream 

 which is a diluted tincture of cow manure, which has been asso- 

 ciating with all the odors of the barnyard, has never been kept 

 cool and delivered to the creamery at a temperature of seventy - 

 five degrees, and make good butter out of it? 



Mr. Smarzo : You can not overcome cowbarn flavor with 

 starters. 



Mr. Smith: You and I have been in dairy schools recent 

 enough to know that we can get butter that is fairly eatable 

 when it leaves the creamery, by pasteurization and areation ; but 

 is it not true that butter made from such cream and made tem- 

 porarily passable will go off flavor quicker than butter made 

 from cream properly handled with or without commercial starter? 

 I mean to say, will not the effect of the starter only temporarily 

 kill the permanent odor, or have you not observed that? 



Mr. Smarzo : Yes, I think when those bad flavors are in the 

 cream they will show up later on. The improvement by starter 

 is only temporary. If you use a heavy starter you can taste the 

 stater in the butter, which gives it a pleasant taste, but the bad 

 flavors will develop later on. 



Mr. Smith : The gathered cream system is here to stay, and 

 if you folks only get the farmers to take care of the cream it is 

 a good system ; but if you can not get the farmers to take good 

 care of the cream we are going to make more butter in Michi- 

 gan ten years from now than you are in this State, because we 

 are taking the bull by the horns when he first gets into the 

 china shop. If you folks get your farmers to take good care of 



