RUSSIA. 



CO-OPERATION IN RUSSIA. 



By S. de Borodaevsky, Assistant Manager at the Department of Commeru 

 and Industry at St. Petersburg. 



The co-operative movement in Russia began in 1865, when the first 

 loan and savings association and the first distributive society were founded. 

 But only in the last ten years have the various forms of co-operation de- 

 veloped to a considerable degree. In proof of this, we reproduce the fol- 

 lowing table in which the number of the co-operative institutions in 1904 

 is compared with that in 1913. 



Number of Co-operative 

 Institutions Societies, excluding those 



— of Finland. 



1904 



1913 



Credit Co-operative Societies (Russian System) . 378 

 Co-operative Loan and Savings Societies (Schulze 



Dehtzsch System) 



Distributive Societies 



Agricultural Societies 700 



Co-operative Agricultural Societies . . . 

 Societies for Production . . 



" Granaries 



" Dairies 



3,085 



9,200 



28,500 



In order to obtain a clear idea of the present state of co-operation in 

 the whole of Russia, we must bear in mind the fact that in Finland there 

 are more than 2,000 co-operative associations with no less than 250,000 

 members. About a thousand of these are co-operative credit societies ; 

 almost 400 are co-operative dairies; 200 are co-operative societies for the use 



