SERVL\N HOUSEHOIvD COMMUNITIES 2g 



adopted person, by becoming a member of the Zadruga becomes also co- 

 proprietor with them and their heir. The case of entrance by marriage of- 

 fers nothing worthy of special remark. 



(b) Community of Life. — This formerly was complete, but today each 

 family has its cottage and only the meals are taken in the common house. 



Yet not living together only entails a loss of rights, when it is volunt- 

 ary and the members of the community have not given their consent to 

 it. When the others consent, the mutual relations in the Zadruga are 

 not affected, nor are they if a member engages in trade, is employed 

 as a domestic servant etc ; only, then, he must, while absent, assist 

 the Zadruga out of the profits he makes. 



Art. 513 of the CivU Code provides as follows with regard to the rights 

 that may be lost by a member not Hving in community : " Whoever, having 

 left the Zadruga house of his own will and without the consent of the other 

 members, does not return before the end of twelve months and has not 

 sent contribvitions in money to the community, shall lose his share of the 

 profits for that year." 



(c) Community of Goods. — Article 508 of the Servian Civil Code lays 

 down the principle of the joint ownership of the property of the Zadruga, 

 considered as really a civil person. Article 510 adds that uoone may sell 

 any of the common property without the consent of the members who are 

 of age and married. 



(d) Community of Work. — This is, so to say, the cause of the community 

 of goods. The children become jcint owners of the goods of the Zadruga by 

 \nrtue of the work they perform. The Civil Code, in Article 517, recognizes 

 the right of boys, from their fifteenth year, to participate in all the profits 

 of the community, equally with the other members. 



§ 3. Organization and work of the zadruga. 



The head of the Zadruga is the domakin. who is invested with the 

 office of manager, either as father of the family or, in communities of brothers 

 and more distant relations, by election He regulates the order of the agri- 

 cultural work, buys and sells. His role is precisely that of manager of a co- 

 operative society, for the Zadrugas, as Emile de lyaveleye long ago ob- 

 served, are in everj^ respect agricultural societies, in v\ hich inveterate 

 custom and family afiection, not financial gain, serve to unite the members. 



The domakin represents the Zadruga in the fullest sense. Thus, as 

 regards the property, he is responsible for the common assets and must keep 

 rigorous account of the obhgations of the Zadruga towards the com- 

 mune, the district, the department and the State. With regard to the mem- 

 bers, he represents the minors and even those of age; he settles by his su- 

 preme authority any disputes that may arise within the Zadruga among 

 the members. There are, however, limits to the domakin' s powers ; thus, 

 in the case of purchase or sale of a part of the common property and also 



