134 



RUSSIA - MISCELIvANEOUS 



Tabus IV. — Summary Results of the Work of Readjustment in Russia, 



1907-1912. 



Thus the work completed in the course of the first five years affected 

 an area of more than 10,750,000 deciatines, or about 12,000,000 ha., tha"^ 

 is to say an area equal to about two thirds of the total cultivated area of 

 Prussia or half that of the cultivated area Italy. 



The land commissions received in all, in the first five years they were 

 working, 2,653,202 applications for partial or total readjustment from 

 90,690 rural communes. Of these 1,338,682 from 20,659 communes were 

 for the readjustment of entire communes or parts of communes (villages), 

 in order to get rid of enclaves or the intermingling of peasants' and other 

 proprietors' land ; 1,314,520 applications received from 70,031 rural com- 

 munes were for the rounding off of nadiel holdinngs belonging to individual 

 peasants. In Russia the first system is habitually called " group work " or 

 " collective farm readjustment ", whilst the rounding off of individual 

 peasants' farms is termed " individual work " or " individual farm read- 

 justment ". 



We shall now consider more closely the work done in each of these 

 two chief groups : 



(a) Union and division of Nadiel holdings, while maintaining the col- 

 lective system of farming {collective farm readjustmeni) . 



This work, in the above mentioned period (1907-12), was generally 

 limited to getting rid of enclaves and to the subdivision of more or less con- 

 siderable communes : a portion of the land built on belonging to the vill- 

 age of the original commtme was alienated and groups of buildings erected 

 in the neighbourhood ; in this way the distance between the land fit for 

 cultivation and the peasant's house was reduced and the working of the 

 farm facilitated. 



