GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE NEW RUSSIAN LAND REFORMS I37 



We see from this table that while the total work of readjustment car- 

 ried out affected 541,683 households possessing 4.379,474 deciatines (48,000 

 sq. km.), the division of the whole nadiel land of communes into \'illages 

 or fractions of villages (i) affected not less than 458,048 households, possess- 

 ing 4,021,869 deciatines (in round numbers, 44,000 square km.) and the 

 other classes of work only affected 358,000 deciatines (about 4,000 sq. km. 1. 

 Among the latter undertakings the most important referred to the elimin- 

 ation cf enclaves existing between the peasants' nadiel holdings and the farms 

 of other land holders, and the suppression of the common enjoyment of certain 

 holdings by the peasants and other land holders (abrogation of rights of 

 collective enjoyment etc). On the other hand, the results of the work 

 included under the 3rd. heading, New Distribution of Nadiel I^and with a 

 \dew, for example, to facihtating for the peasants the passage to the s^^stem 

 of triennial rotation of crops, in practice proved unsatisfactory and the 

 work was stopped by the new law of May 29th., 1911. 



The work of collective land organization may be considered as read- 

 justment outside of the nadiel, as the respective farms of the peasants 

 must, almost without exception, undergo a new inside readjustment to 

 get rid of the intermingling of the lots of the various individual propri- 

 etors (2). 



It also appears from the above that in view of the extremely large area 

 of Russian land under consideration, about 1,000,000 sq. kms., a really 

 prodigious amount of power, rapidity and thrift will be necessary for the 

 solution of the various problems under consideration in the course of this 

 century. K. A. Wieth Knudsen, therefore, in no way exaggerated in saying 

 in 1907, in his stud^^ of the Increase of Population and Progress, that the 

 " Russian reforms in relation to the peasants will require at least a century 

 for their completion. " 



(b Readjustment and division of nadiel holdings ajnong the various 

 individual members of the rural commune (individual farm readjustment). 



This class of work of farm readjustment, of which we have already shown 

 one of the general characteristics, in its turn, falls into three groups. The 

 first includes the readjustment of all the nadiel land forming the common 

 property of a village {mir), at the same time providing for the new lots 

 to become the individual property of the various peasants. 



The second group affects those nural communes, the land of which is 

 already possessed individually, but too much split up, for the excessive sub- 

 division of land into scattered lots already spoken of in § 3 was met with in 

 communes in which the land was divided among individual proprietors 

 as well as in communes in which collective farming was maintained. 



(i) This specially concerns the very numerous rural communes, which, at the date of the 

 abolition of serfdom, in 1861, received as a single imdivided holding all the land belonging 

 to all the villages of which they were composed. (They were called " single plot villages "). 



(2) These terms correspond with those adopted in the official German translation of the 

 Report of MM. Stolypine and Krivoscheine, " La Colonisation de la SiMrie ", pp. 75 and 77. 



