56 BELGIUM - CO-OPERATION AND ASSOCIATION 



workers, until lately overlooked, into one of the most efiectual and fruitful 

 elements of social life. 



Some interesting communications were also made to the Congress. Let 

 us mention that of M. Tibbaut on rural exodus, in which the eminent author, 

 after observing that the country exercises an influence of the first importance 

 for the existence of nations, being a vast reserve of human energy, physical 

 and moral, shows the urgent need of promoting the constitution of numerous 

 agricultural families, encouraging the erection of rural dwellings and organ- 

 izing credit, so needful for the proper working of a farm. We must also, 

 adds M. Tibbaut, hasten agricultural progress, by a more careful study of 

 the qualities and needs of the soil, by a greater specialization of crops and 

 the formation of a larger number of small holdings. 



M. Pien, Chief of Division at the Department of Agriculture and Public 

 Works, presented a communication on the legal and economic nature of the 

 Belgian professional unions and co-operative and mutual societies. 



2. PUBIvICATIONS OF RECENT DATE 

 RELATING TO CO-OPERATION AND ASSOCIATION IN BELGIUM. 



(a) OFFICIAI, PUBIvICATlONS : 



Expose statistique de la situation des associations o'lNTERfeT agricole pendant 

 l'annee 1911 (Statistics showing the Situation of the Associations of Agricultural Interest 

 in 1911). Department of Agriculture and Public Works. Management of Agriculture. 

 Brussels, Odry. Mommens, 1913. 



De Moffarts (Paul): Note sur les syndi cats voyers ou associations de propri^taires en vue 

 de I'etablissement de I'entretien des chemins agricoles (Note on the Road Syndicates or 

 Associations of Landlords for the Establishment and Maintenance of Agricultural Roads). 

 In " Rapports et Communications, " No. 6, published by the Department of Agriculture 

 and Public Works, Rural Office. Brussels. M. Weissenbruch, 191 3. 



Frateur (J. ly.): Note sur les societes de defrichement al'etranger et la creation d'un orga- 

 nisme semblable en Belgique (Note on Foreign Clearing Societies and the Foundation of a 

 Similar Organization in Belgium). In " Rapports et Communications," No 6, published by 

 the Department of Agriculture and Public Works. Rural Office. Brussels. M. Weissen- 

 bruch, 1913. 



Tibbaut (Em.); Societe faisant I'entreprise de defrichements (Society engaged in the Work of 

 Clearing). In " Rapports et Communications ", No. 6, published by the Department of 

 Agriculture and Public Works, Rural Office. Brusselo, M. Weissenbruch, 1913. 



(b) OTHER PUBLICATIONS: 



Bertot (Arthur) : lyCS assemblees geuerales et la nouvcUc loi sur les Societes (General Meetings 

 and the New Law on Societies). January ist., igi-i. No. 87. Brussels. 



Maenhaut (M) : Rapport sur les travaux de la Societe Royale Centrale d'Agriculture de Bel- 

 gique pendant l'annee 1912-1913 (Report on the Work of the Belgian Central Royal 

 Society of Agriculture for the Year 19x2-1913). " Journal de la Soci6t6 centrale d'Agri- 

 culture de Belgique," November, 1913. No. 11. Brussels. 



