54 HOLIyAND - INSURANCE AND THRIFT 



excluded from the insurance. But a servant, who has to attend to work 

 of various kinds, and amongst it also agricultural work, is insured for the 

 whole time he is working. Children of the farmers, over ten years of age, 

 if they also take part in the farmwork, are considered as labourers. They 

 can, however, at their own request, be excluded from the insurance. 



The idea of what constitutes an accident was also considerably ex- 

 tended at the general meeting of December 19th., 191 2. First of all a 

 labourer had only a right to compensation when injured by an accident 

 while engaged in agricultural work. Now it is no longer considered whe- 

 ther the accident is directly due to certain occupations, but it is enough 

 that there is a connection between it and them. In addition, it is no longer 

 necessary that the accident should be connected with an agricultural 

 occupation, it is onlj^ necessary that it should be connected with some work 

 with which the labourer was entrusted by the farmer. 



Since January ist., 1913 it has become possible for the landholders 

 to insure themselves personally against accidents. As the small farmers 

 need to be insured equally with the labourers, a separate insurance branch 

 was first founded for them in 1910. But this led to no result and so 

 now the proprietors, on making application, are insured in the same 

 way as the labourers. They are chiefly insured against accidents in 

 agricultural work. But insured landholders, if victims of accidents, re- 

 ceive compensation also in all those cases in which a labourer would be 

 entitled to it. 



The mem.bers' meeting on December 19th., 1912 made provision for a 

 very useful extension of insurance, deciding that many professional mal- 

 adies must be placed on a par with accidents. The administration (Colle- 

 gie van Commissarissen) has to compile a list of maladies that may give 

 claim to compensation. This list cannot at first be very large, because 

 science has not yet established many elements by which we may judge with 

 certainty of the origin of diseases in relation to difterent occupations. 



For the masters it is a particularly important thing that the risk 

 of what is called civil liability is now covered by insurance. Since the 

 financial consequences of article 1,638-x of the civil code were already 

 included in the insurance, the members' meeting of December 19th., 

 1912 decided also to include claims for compensation based on art- 

 icles, 1,401-1,407 of the Code, already mentioned. Thus, if a master is 

 obHged, in accordance with the above articles, to compensate a third person, 

 the amount of compensation is paid by the association, provided the injury 

 is caused by one of his workmen or connected with the execution of work of 

 an agricultural character. The object of this limitation is that the association 

 shall only undertake the risk of accidents due to the master personally or 

 to his labourers in the exercise of their proper professional work. For this 

 purpose, it has also been established that the administration of the Central 

 Society {Collegie van Commissarissen) may refuse to undertake these li- 

 ability risks in the case of certain occupations and work in which the possibil- 

 ity of third persons being injured is particularly great. Thus, by virtue of a 

 decision of the administration of April 8th., 1913, no compensation is given 



