120 CHILE - MISCELLANEOUS 



So that which in other countries constitutes a fund of wealth is in Chile 

 being partially destroyed, against all the rules of, prudence. 



Besides the great stretches of forest, many forest trees grow on the 

 slopes and in the plains ; among these are the pine, cj^press, carob, "boldo", 

 " lengue" and " quillai ", the bark of the two last of which is used in 

 tanning. 



Much timber is consumed as fuel, either simply as wood or as charcoal 

 and much is employed in building. 



Want of capital and means of transport are serious impediments to 

 the utilisation of the vast riches of the forests, and Chile actually imports 

 wood, both unwrought and manufactured, in large quantities. 



In 1911, Chili imported wood to the value of 3,747,000 gold pesos, of 

 which about 2,000,000 gold pesos were spent on pine timber, and 551,000 

 gold pesos on manufactured wood (furniture). The greater part comes 

 from the United States. 



There are notwithstanding many establishments in Chile for wood 

 manufactures, and furniture making. About 25,000,000 pesos are invested 

 in such enterprises and it is calculated that the raw material employed 

 costs 13,000,000 gold pesos, the value of which increases to 29,000,000 

 gold pesos when manufactured. 



§ 5. Iyi\^STOCK impro\t;ment. 



Livestock Improvement and the indtistries connected with it constit- 

 ute one of the most remunerative branches of the economic work of the 

 Republic. 



The livestock in Chile, according to the census of 1906, was distributed 

 as follows : 



Head 



Horses, Asses, etc 746,000 



Horned Cattle 2,675,000 



Sheep 4,528,000 



Goats 476,000 



Pigs 340,000 



8,765,000 



I. Horned cattle. — Most of the horned cattle are found in the middle 

 zone. The prevailing type is the Durham, crossed by the native race, 

 descended from the ancient Spanish breed. The Durham has given excell- 

 ent results ; there are several very successful breeding stations. 



The cattle are kept in large pasture grounds, all the year in the open air. 

 Sometimes in winter, however, they are kept in half open stalls or they 

 are sent to the slopes of the Cordilleras to spots sheltered from the cold. 



