128 ROUMANIA - MISCELLANEOUS 



the landlords. At last an agreement was come to between thf^ leaders of 

 the political parties in Parliament and it was decided that the Communes 

 should receive as grazing grounds the land the owners should offer of their 

 own accord. 



The principal provisions in Chapter III of the law are as follows : 



Art. 9. proxndes that in every rural commune one of more communal 

 grazing grounds must be established, according to the number of groups 

 of houses inhabited by more than 25 families. The law, however, provides 

 that there may be several grazing grounds only when the groups of houses 

 belonging to the comune are so far from the centre as to render it imposs- 

 ible for the peasants to send their Hvestock to the principal one. The 

 peasants living in groups of houses in which the families are less than 25 

 shall send their livestock to the nearest grazing ground. 



The communal grazing grounds shall be formed by purchase of land 

 of suitable character and position. Payment of the price agreed on shall 

 be made through the Rural Bank which may issue bonds for the purpose, 

 and the debt thus incurred by the communes shall be guaranteed by 

 the State. The communes may at any moment redeem the bonds ; they 

 must, however, do so within a period of not more than 12 years. 



Art. 10. provides that the land serving for grazing ground must not 

 be more than 3 km. from the village, except in cases for which the Su- 

 perior Council of Agriculture makes special provision. 



With regard to the area of the grazing grounds, art. 11 provides that it 

 must correspond with the number of head of livestock proved to belong to the 

 villages or groups of houses, in the proportion of i hectare for every 4 head 

 of large Hvestock. In determining the number of head of hvestock by which 

 to fix the area of the grazing grounds, two methods are followed. In the 

 first, an enumeration is made, leaving out of consideration the head of 

 livestock in excess of the 6 head of large livestock allowed to each farmer 

 by the law itself ; in the other, the calculation is made by reckoning to 

 ever}'' head of a family in the village 3 head of livestock (2 oxen and a 

 cow). Of the two restdts thus obtained, the larger is taken and is divided 

 by four to obtain the number of hectares for the area to be assigned 

 as grazing ground. 



Art. 13. then provides that in case in the neighbourhood of a 

 village, in which a communal grazing ground is to be established, there 

 is more than one landlord offering his land, the most advantageous offer 

 is to be accepted. The law then gives a number of rules with regard to 

 expropriation, for purposes of communal grazing grounds, of suitable land 

 belonging to the State, charitable or other institutions, providing special 

 conditions of favour in each case. 



The communal grazing charges shall be based on the capitaHsation of 

 the annual value of the land at 6 %. This value naturally varies in each 

 case. But, if we take the value of a hectare of grazing ground as between 

 500 and 600 lei, and if we observe that this area serves for four head of 

 livestock, we shall find that the value of the grazing ground for each is 

 between 125 and 150 lei, 6 % of which is from 7.50 to 9 lei per year. Before 



