426 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



[August 1. 1911. 



The cominissions ami committees were : 



Trinidad and Tobaso—Coiiimissioiiers, Prof. P. Carmody. F. 

 I. C, F. C. S., Director of .\gricuUure, Trinidad; A. E. Aspin- 

 wall. Secretary, The West India Committee. British Guiana— 

 Commissioner, F. A. Stockdale, B. A., F. L. S., Assistant Direc- 

 tor and Government Botanist. Jumiiica— Commissioner, A. E. 

 Aspinwall. 



BR.SZII.. 



The State of Para exhibited a remarkable collection of its 

 own rubbers, embracing in line and coarse. Islands. Caviana. 

 Yary, Xingu, Tapajos, Cameta. Fine and 'weak'' rubber from 

 the Trombitas. "weak" from the Tapajos, "weak" from the 

 Gurupy, Caucho block and strip, ".Muriputa" from a Safiiim. 

 and smoked Islands Fine; Danin and Mellos smoking machine 

 with rubber prepared by it. Pintos, "Lactina,"' Coutinhos spec- 

 ially prepared Par.-i rubber, etc. 



The Musee Goeldi sliowed herbarium specimens of leaves and 

 flowers of the principal rubber trees of the lower Amazon, in- 

 cluding thirteen varieties of Hevea, a Castilha, two Sapiuins. 

 one Hancornia and one Landolphia.. Also a fine collection of 

 Hevea seeds, stands of palms that furnish nuts for smoking. 

 Photographs of rubber tapping and coagulating and a map of 

 the State of Para, showing rubber distribution. 



The commercial association at Manaos exhibited 385 large 

 pelles of Fine, and 91 balls of Caucho, samples of Amazonian 

 rubber prepared as it is in the Middle East. This was supple- 

 mented by the most interesting collection of native-made rubber 

 shoes, ponchos, pouches and toys ever assembled. 



A most interesting exhibit from Southern Brazil was that of 

 Ceara rubber from the Miinihot Dichotouta, a rubber producer 

 with a future. 



Those who arranged the exhibits were : 



Federal Government of Brazil — Comviissioner. Dr. J, P. La- 

 cerda, Amazonas — Commissioner, Senor Emilio Zarges, First 

 Vice-President .^ssociacao Commercial do Amazonas; Delegates, 

 F. Alves Vieira, Consul General for Brazil in London ; W. Gor- 

 don, Manager, Associacao Commercial do Amazonas. and Will- 

 iam Harvey Mildreth. Para — Commissioner, Dr. J. Huber 

 (Musee Goeldi). 



ME.XJCO. 



The Intercontinental Rubber Co. established a miniature rub- 

 ber factory for the purpose of show'ing modern methods of 

 utilizing their guayule rubber. Needless to say, the exhibit was 

 thronged by those interested. 



La Zacualpa and one of its affiliations in Castilloa planting, 

 showed smoked sheet, and blocked rubber coagulated in a cen- 

 trifugal ; also trunks of four and six-year-old trees, tapping 

 knives, machetes and botanical specimens. 



NETHERI..\NDS. 



That the Government of Holland takes a vital interest in 

 rubber and gutta-percha was abundantly attested in a host of 

 ways in connection with the Exhibition. For example, its 

 bureau for India prepared elaborate graphic charts, showing 

 the exports of balata from Dutch Guiana for the last ten years — 

 the area of planted rubber in the Dutch East Indies since 1907 — 

 the number of rubber plantations in all of their East Indian 

 Colonies, the capital invested, and the location of the plantations. 

 The same bureau showed experimental and laboratory machin- 

 ery, tests of the elasticity of rubber and much more of a very 

 practical nature. 



.All of the rubber manufacturers of Holland had their wares 

 on exhibition and an excellent showing they made. The crude 

 rubber houses in Amsterdam and Rotterdam also showed 

 samples of rubber, gutta and balata. 



The Dutch steamship lines and chemical and export houses 

 also were represented by samples, photographs and charts. 



All of the above was most interesting, but it was over the 

 real crude rubber exhibits that one lingered longest. 



Surinam showed balata sheet and block. Plantation rubber 

 from Hevea Brasiliensis, and from the Caslilloa. There were 

 also samples of Hevea Guyaneiisis rubber. Then, too, there 

 were shown sections of balata trees, young Ciiyauensis and 

 many photographs. .As a supplement to this, the Colonial Mu- 

 seum at Haarlem exhibited its own very complete collection of 

 Surinam rubbers. 



From some ISO rubber planting estates in Java, Borneo and 

 Sumatra were assembled a great mass of rubber samples. They 

 embraced Hevea, Ficus and Castilloa. and were as good as the 

 best. 



The Xetherland India Committee, by maps and charts, by a 

 collection of white ants, nest and cells, by specimens of Hevea 

 trees diseased, badly tapped, by many rubber samples, gave a 

 graphic representation of some of the actualities of rubber 

 planting. 



From the great Government rubber and gutta-percha plan- 

 tations came samples of various rubbers and guttas coagulated 

 in a score of different ways. 



Associations of lease holders, rubber planters' associations, 

 agricultural societies and rubber planters' unions — all from the 

 Dutch possessions in the East — furnished rubber samples, soil 

 samples, plant samples and photographs. All kinds of coagu- 

 lation appeared from air-drying to fluoric hydrogen. 



The whole Netherlands exhibition was under the direct 

 charge of A. G. N. Swart, LI.D., president; H. S. J. Maas. 

 honorary president. Dr. Tromp de Haas, commissioner for the 

 Dutch East Indies, and the follow-ing committee members : Jac. 

 Musly, J. G. von Heniert, K. H. H. van Bennekom. Ch. Moens. 

 B. Bakker, Dr. A. H. Berkhout, S. P. van Efghtn. Prof. Dr. 

 S. HoogewerfF, Prof. Dr. G. van Iterson Jr., K. F. Katz, J. 

 Merens, E. P. de Monchy Rzn, J. Pompe, Prof. Dr. P. van 

 Romburgh. A. Slingervoet Ramondt and Prof. Dr. F. A. F. C. 

 Went. 



GERM.\NV. 



German East Africa, German West Africa and the German 

 South Sea possessions assembled samples of rubber that 

 showed, at its best, Teutonic thoroughness, knowledge and en- 

 terprise. There were some 350 lots of rubber, partly from 

 Governmental institutions, but mostly from some si.xty planta- 

 tions. They embraced the three Manihots, coagulated by oxalic 

 acid, by a mixture of carbolic and acetic, by extract of Adan- 

 zonian fruits, by tamarind fruits, by salt, acetic and carbolic 

 acid, by "Purub," smoked and unsmoked. There were Castilloa 

 samples smoked, Landolphia rubbers coagulated by salt solu- 

 tions, Kickxias air-dried, etc., etc.. the results of hundreds of 

 experiments. The Imperial Biological Institute at .Amani, fur- 

 nished much, the planters much, and the natives, under German 

 control, sent in their samples of cultivated rubber and showed 

 crude utensils of forest manufacture. 



But remarkable as was the German Colonial exhibit, that of 

 the Prussian Royal Testing Office would appeal to the rubber 

 manufacturer more certainly. There were grouped sixteen ma- 

 chines, most of litem new, for a variety of rubber tests. Several 

 were specifically for testing the resistance, calorific transmis- 

 sion, and gas permeability of balloon fabrics. There was also 

 the Schopper-Dalen new type of tensile tester. Hinrichsen's sim 

 plificd apparatus for the elcctrolytical determination of sulphur 

 in rubber, Laurent's apparatus for estimating the polarisation 

 angle, Ciasparini's apparatus for determining the sulphur-con- 

 tent of rubber, Martens-Schopper extensometer, Martens ball- 

 pressure hardness tester. Martens fatigue tester, and Mail's 

 machine for the abrasion test. 



Five of the great German rubber manufacturers exhibited full 

 lines of manufactured rubber goods. There were also excel- 

 lent exhibits of German-made ruliber mathinery, of special cbem- 



