NOVEMBES 1, 1913.] 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



71 



should be of great benefit not only to the plantation industry of 

 the country but to manufacturers, who are often not prepared to 

 experiment with what may be called in one respect a new product, 

 from the fact that up till the present such considerable variations 

 have been found in plantation Para rubber from difi'ercnt estates. 



A CIRCULAR ON "ELASTIC CLOTH" ISSUED IN 1857. 



A CURIOSITY in the history of elastic fabrics is shown 

 **■ herewith, the recent find of one oi our correspondents. 

 It is a circular issued by the American Elastic Cloth Co. 56 

 years ago. Previous to 1860 the manufacture of elastic fabric 

 or elastic "goring," as it is called, was practically confined to 

 Europe, and mainly to mills in Great Britain. Most of the 

 goods then used in the United States were of English manu- 

 facture. 



SLikSTIC GLOYH. 



,XO BO,QT>ANlJ ;SHOB,' MAN 



Vo«« Miohii^o ■■ io'iuA l» A new" invention ..r .... •niHi 

 • l.ich Uucn r^tm K««c l**^ gnorafl l> ilif Vi>il«'l Si«r» anj i» ti 



Tliu ZXASTtC CliOTH. II coUr.!; JHfrml from •ht tflhor nrlitli 



bdure of Hoot* »vi SLoo« is Nc« York niul Xlnloachiiiill*, fio-1 io fi 

 •tliri Liw) oT«l«iiv gootl* tir Jh*|r ii««.;. _ 



Tim ElMtic Ckih. •* (lOrVllj n.laploj Tof ^nrti Of l^OOti rin.l >.to 

 WiwuiKiolb 01. t.vtli li.lT*, «flfl..[Ji»ot,3ivl tlMilUtO of ll.P foat»* rl.lj* 

 (a M iiiiBO}'»;. pariKufail; to |^rvin< Invnnj Ifiid/r unkW' From iu tintoth if^faoi 

 r«^tlKUp* il'c Lli^ih OI LfhiL^ 1^ iLe Ilool 1^ SlitkP.Tiit] iJo'* not roJIi^ct OBj 

 «hkli I* «'.« of il'O jrAi obfocOoAi 1^ all otlict ctulio gootit, but oi 

 «* « i |i w t of ihi> rhoc. It ti^ClPct}(illl^^e)l oJn^liJ to nay i^tl.rr (.urpooa]! 

 •i», Sirft^..Iri,. ll«li». .SwrjfmV r.*n.l«|t(^ '^iippotirrj, Ilrft«». na»ii.-s S| 



TIrfSilh Mill i«iio« itUrtfueiliii'llM pii\itaracliir«tff ^M Etdlir Cli 



!■ t <M<r LInJ of Um-n. ia ■ prc^liai in-Viarr. 10 (pto it lli* rrquiroJ c1tt.ti 

 lira Ciiila.! .^al'> m John Ur%lr. 1840.' 



OTtTRBHtf 



ELASTIC CLOTH,- (^ 



o^r. tnailo OI lucd lef aoy por- 

 ing I irgo rtjMtrteoro to lb* iaui» 

 \'j llirm to bo aopoiii^r lO Wy 



!r it it tfy tAlbofeoi, H 

 f^a on Ibe fntjdo, vbieb 

 licoijifi.lr. itmotvoeaily 

 »n i« caaitf ibo dirt and da**, 

 broajiod from II •* ff^ 

 wbidi alliUe gooda 

 fSr Ibo l«rb f.f Vcata. P v 



»lifrrMtf Jot tial yt' f aii , 

 >t.irh a Pntr-nt va* Knntctl bj 



I. n>od III thri prnt<as of oiAl^ 



Jas a MANUFACTUKE. 



i Ijit of tbe State 04 Ha*- 

 ^ed Pitcnta. and u tbii f^mpaay 



A TBl.-i.t ■ V "1*0 granted br ibo t'nit.>] Statoa fof_n;^i»;* i-iar-troa «/ ■ 

 «fb^tHr-ng tbia^LlaViv Cloth, to Tfor & Helm. ie:>. ^ 



Anotboi I'atont Haa alu) graDtt^] ij ibc Tniio.! ^Wr* tSr ihia B><tir Clfl 

 loT|ef i Helm. ISJfl- 



TIIE AMERICAN ELASTU: CLCiTIl fXiMrANY, orgBn.icI oo-lcr^ihe 

 ^rtaj. aroiKo SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE OWNERS .of tl.oat^*^ 



U IboVantifactuir. aajr. or aw of tbii Elastic Clotb, io aof lafnuyt or f ij aMTni ii tbo ri^Hta or Patenta o«M* 

 • by etbata. iba; viU boVTio a aUi^ attuuuL-iIiliiy Loy ilohlion or infrin^u toJ^ T ihfir righia 



n>a Klaaric Clotb. poMeaaing m aotno tTipoei^ adrinlajoa <ap<nor to anAitbar kind of alaatjo gooda, a*41a 

 •* raapaci infc»-,or l« ai»T. »a rrcvmnwn.lcd an.! no' <j(T.-re.f to tbo publ.c by t^^ 



^ ■ V - • ■ H . '/I*» , \~ 



ABZaaOAN^EIaASTIO OT<'><^ OOMFAirr 



. >— '- ■ -MUlff 

 V««-V«oaa*iM Maw-Joney. Fabt^ry I. l&Jl 



The first American patent for machinery for manufacturing 

 these fabrics was granted in 1846 to John Healy. and this was 

 followed by other patents granted in 1856 and 1857, since which 

 time inventions for the manufacture of elastic fabrics or elastic 

 "goring," have been numerous. 



In America, the Elastic Cloth Co. commenced the production 

 of this article in 1857 in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and the 

 circular reproduced here was issued that year. This circular, 

 which had been laid away, carefully folded to about the size 

 of a common envelope, has become worn and frayed at the 

 edges and the folds badly stained, but is quite legible and is 

 interesting as a piece of early literature of this business. 



A large proportion of the manufacture of these fabrics in this 

 country was in the hands of skilled foreign workmen, mostly 

 English, and the machines employed were also imported. In 

 fact, every equipment of an American goring mill necessitated 

 the importation of foreign workmen and generally foreign man- 

 agers or superintendents. It was stated that ten years ago at 

 least three-fourths of the skilled workmen manufacturing these 

 fabrics were of English birth or parentage and of the remainder 

 a large proportion were German. 



However, in the production of elastic fabrics today the 

 Americans have come forward with rapid strides and much of 

 the machinery now used is manufactured in this country, and 

 the number of American workmen now equals, if it does not 

 exceed, those of European birth. 



.■\ large proportion of the products of American factories has 

 been applied to the manufacture of suspenders and to goring 

 for shoes, but the steady decline in popularity of the so-called 

 "Congress shoe" has resulted in the closing of some factories 

 devoted to this special branch of the business. However, new 

 uses are steadily being found for clastic fabrics and great quan- 

 tities are now used in various articles of ladies' wearing apparel, 

 in surgical bandages, and in other ways, so that the manufacture 

 of goods composed of textiles combined with rubber thread has 

 increased materially since the time when this somewhat ([uaint 

 circular was issued. 



AUTOMOBILE TIRES RESPOND TO GOOD TREAT- 

 MENT. 



T7 A. HENDERSON, manager of the Adjusting Department of 

 •* • the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., has recently sent out con- 

 siderable literature on the treatment of tires, in connection 

 with this company's "Educational Campaign." In a late con- 

 tribution from this source, while admitting that tires are 

 necessarily subjected to more or less ill-usage on account of 

 rough roads, etc., the statement is made that neglect of the 

 important details of wheel alignment, distribution of weight 

 and proper inflation, contributes largely to excessive tire 

 bills. Sand blisters and mud boils he attributes to neglect 

 of tire cuts, and these lead to the stripping apart of the 

 rubber from the fabric; so that small cuts should at once be 

 cleansed with gasoline, filled with cement and quick repair 

 gum, while larger ones should be vulcanized at the earliest 

 possible moment. He goes on to state that an axle even 

 slightly out of true subjects the tire to a grinding action 

 which shortens its life; when the rubber is worn away and 

 moisture is permitted to penetrate the fabric of the tire, this 

 begins to deteriorate and lose its strength, which otherwise 

 it might have retained indefinitely. 



-•\n improper adjustment of brakes, where one tire alone 

 stops the load, is another cause of destruction of the tread, 

 the tire being subjected to severe grinding on the roadway. 

 Brakes should be adjusted to distribute the strain, and sudden 

 stops should be avoided. The wearing off of the tread and 

 consequent weakening of the fabric invites blow-outs, the 

 air pressure in the tube, with the weight and strain of the 

 heavy car, becoming too great for the container or casing. 

 Small cuts or stone bruises, or even a short ride on a deflated 

 or partly deflated tire will weaken the fabric, and when once 

 started it usually continues to the blow-out stage. Overloading is 

 also given as a frequent cause of tire troubles. Pneumatic tires are 

 designed to carry loads in proportion to their cross sections 

 and diameters, and a 5 per cent, addition to the weight of the 

 car adds 15 per cent, to the wear and tear of the tire, 

 therefore he considers it economy always to adopt tires one or 

 two sizes larger than the regular requirements of the car. 

 The tremendous horse power of some high-priced machines 

 produces an effect on tires similar to over-loading. Proper 

 chain adjustment is advised, also examination of rims for 

 dents, irregularities and rust, all of which should be guarded 

 against. He advises against the purchase of tires that have 

 been displayed in the dealer's windows, against storage in 

 warm quarters, exposure to the sun's rays and to oil of any 

 kind, and suggests that an idle car be jacked up and the 

 tires thus relieved of all unnecessary strain. 



Should be on every rubber man's desk — Crude Rubber and 

 Compounding Ingredients ; Rubber Country of the Amazon ; 

 Rubber Trade Directorv of the Worlfl. 



