March I. 19!4.; 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



299 



botatiist, and was first described by Miiller, of Aargau. Accord- 

 ing to Ule, it is indigenous to the Brazilian states of Rio Grande 

 del Norte, Parahyba and Ceara, being chiefly known as Ceara 

 rubber, or as Manitoba Ceara. In its natural home it attains 

 a height of 50 feet, with a girth of 5 feet : some trees being 100 

 years old. 



Maiiihot Diclioltiiiui was discovered In IK- in the soutlu-astern 

 part of the state of Bahia, and derives the name of Jcquie Mani- 

 toba (or Jequie rublier) from a small town in the center of the 

 district in question. 



Maiiihot Piaithycnsis is found in the southeastern portion of 

 the state of Piauhy and is also known as Manitoba de Piauhy. 

 The trees are small, from 7 to 16 feet high. 



Maiiihot Ilc['ta['hyUa was discovered by Ule on the right shore 

 of the river San I'rancisco and is therofcire knciwn as San h'raii- 

 cisco Manitoba 



l''i)llowing the above botanical descriptions is a table showing 

 the exports of Maiiihot rubber from Brazil from 1903 to 1908; 

 the later year showing the total as 2,166 tons, of wliicli 1.249 tons 

 were exported from Bahia. 



The cultivation of Maiiihot rulil)cr in \ari(iiis ccjuntries is next 

 dealt with. German East .Africa taking the lirst place as to ex- 

 tent of plantations and quantity exported. The variety most 

 largely cultivated is Mauihot Glaciovii, the develo])ment of which 

 is chiefly due to the efforts of Ilerr Kiihler, of the l.ewa planta- 

 tion, which contains some trees planted in 1893. 



The author ha- dealt in an interesting chapter with the lul- 



Manihot Claziozii, falj Vt 



Olij. .\.m.\.\i (G. E. A). 



Xyassa, Zanzibar, Uganda and other countries. The other vari- 

 eties of Manihot are likewise considered in a similar manner. 



.Vpart from the question of distribution, the author has treated 

 the preparation, coagulation, drying, smoking and washing of 

 rubber, and the various forms of rubber testing. He has in- 



.\ Maniliot Pi..\NT.\Tiu.\. 11 \ KAK^ Ui.D. I\1lii1'..-.\ (,G. E. A.). 



eluded statements of plantation costs and yicUls of the various 

 descriptions of Manihot in different parts of the world. 



The text is supplemented by 149 well executed illustrations. 

 Thn devoted to the subject of Manihot, the work contains 

 much matter of general interest to the rubber expert and is one 

 of the most valuable recent contributions to the technical liter- 

 ature bearing on that subject. 



tivation of Manihot Glazioiii outside of German East .Africa: 

 particularly in Brazil. Colombia. Mexico. Trinidad, the Baha- 

 mas. Hawaii. South Sea Islands. Java. Sumatra. Formosa. Cey- 

 liin. India. Burnuib. Soudan, British and Portuguese West -\frica. 



AMERICAN FLAGS AND COATS OF ASMS. 



1 he Pan .Vmerican Union, of W asbinglon. and the Pan .Amer- 

 ican Society of the United States, located at New York, through 

 .bilin Barrett, director general of the Union, and Frederick 

 Brown, secretary-treasurer of the Pan American Society, have 

 issued a handsome little octavo bound in stiflf board with leather 

 liack and corners, giving the flags and coats of arms of all the 

 different American republics, .starting with .Argentina and Bo- 

 livia, and coming down lo the L'nited States, Uruguay and 

 Venezuela. .A whole page is devoted to each country. The flags 

 and the coats of arms are reproduced in the proper colors, and 

 it is altogiithcr an effective and attractive book, valuable for the 

 reference librarv. 



BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE. 



In the form of an interesting booklet ( Miscellaneous Series — 

 .\ci. 8 C) the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Conunerce. Wash- 

 ington, D. C. has published an outline of the facilities aff^orded by 

 this branch of the Department of Conmierce for the development 

 and e-xtension of .American exports. As it will be recalled, a 

 corps of commercial agents of the bureau is employed in the 

 investigation of trade couditii-ns at home and aliroad. 



