Lesley.] " [Jan. 3, 



sition in the different strata of the slate formation. And these variations 

 follow the outcrops along the foot of the mountain in a waved line riding 

 up its side or sinking into the plain. 



The above description is true of the whole range along the foot of the 

 mountain from Papertown westward to Cleversburg, and on into Mary- 

 land. But east of Papertown the mountain begins to sink into the plain 

 of the Susquehanna River. The slate formation laps around its end and 

 runs up behind its first ridge, carrying, of course, the ores with it. To 

 explain this I must describe the structure of the mountain mass. 



The South Mountain is not one mountain, but a system of parallel 

 mountains separated by valleys. It is, geologically considered, a system 

 of anticlinals with troughs between. 



The first or northernmost anticlinal comes to an end (eastwardly) west 

 of Papertown. 



The second anticlinal begins to sink after passing east of Papertown. 

 And it carries down with it into the limestone plain the mountain east of 

 Papertown. 



The slates which carry the ore, once arching continuously over the top 

 of the present mountains, descend into the interior valleys. This accounts 

 for the great banks at Mount Holly, half a mile south of Papertown, and 

 the ore banks along the whole line of the Mountain Creek as far as Pine- 

 grove Furnace. 



At the Strickler bank, marked 6 on the map, the ore is seen lying in a 

 trough between two mountains ; and the Potsdam Sandstone is seen 

 descending southward from the top of the mountain and passing under 

 the lioor of the ore bank. And the ore continues eastward along the 

 centre of the trough to the Old Bank. North of the Old Bank the lime- 

 stones of the valley are seen dipping southward. The north dipping ore- 

 slates follow the foot of the mountain eastward to the New Pitts (3 on 

 the map) opposite Boiling Springs. 



The third anticlinal here begins to sink eastward, and the slates and 

 ores lap round its end and run up into the next trough to the south of it 

 where we have the Beltzhoover and Red Banks (2 and 1 on map). 



The fourth anticlinal runs on a mile or so still further east and in its 

 turn dies down ; the slates, limestones and ore lap round it and take up 

 their regular position at the south foot of its mountain, giving us the 

 Knaub and Wolf Banks (20 on the map). The fifth and most southern 

 anticlinal dies down in front of Dillsburg, and the slates and ores lap 

 round it as usual and give us the McCormick and Williams banks. 



It appears then that the South Mountain Range ends eastward in a hand 

 with five fingers. Its little finger, and the most northern one, ends at 

 Papertown (or less than a mile to the north of it) ; the next finger ends at the 

 Old Bank ; the third, at Boiling Springs (or rather one mile east of that 

 place) ; the fourth and longest of them all, at the mouth of Dogwood ; and 

 the fifth or most southern one, opposite (one mile west of) Dillsburg. 



Around these fingers, the ore belt laps continuously and sends up 

 troughs of ore between the fingers. 



