1873.] "*7 [Cope. 



The paramastoid and mastoid tuberosities are narrowed and extend ob- 

 liquely downwards and forwards. The lower part of the exoccipital 

 suture runs along a ridge, and there is a tuberosity in front of the mas- 

 toid foramen. An irregular A-shaped crest extends upwards with the 

 apex at the inferior temporal crest, and its anterior limb forming part of 

 the posterior boundary of the meatus auditorius. The inferior temporal 

 crest is directed outwards below, but forwards above. 



The narrowness of the cranium is readily seen on comparing the 

 postglenoid processes. These are not deep, but have considerable trans- 

 verse extent, and are separated by a space only a little greater than the 

 transverse diameter of each. The zygomatic arches are compressed pos- 

 teriorly with crest-like superior ridge, biit rounded above anteriorly. 

 There is not the least trace of posterior boundary of the orbit. The 

 squamosal process overlaps the malar bone extensively, terminating in a 

 point, the latter ending obtusely. The malar is supported in front by a 

 maxillary process, which is united with it by a zigzag suture on the outer 

 face and a squamosal one within and below. The foramen infraorbitals 

 exterius is large, and issues a short distance in front of the orbit, not so 

 near it as in the elephants. From this point to the ridge enclosing the 

 canine alveolus the side of the maxillary bone is deeply concave, and the 

 palatal surface correspondingly contracted. The bone is continued up- 

 wards and outwards as the external part and apex of the middle horn- 

 cores. Anteriorly it is bounded by the premaxillary to a point as far 

 anterior to the base of the horn as the width of the latter; behind that 

 point it is in contact with the nasals. The premaxillary is prolonged 

 upwards and backwards into a narrow tongue. Its inferior portion is 

 convex above on each side, concave below, with projecting alveolar bor- 

 ders, which are flat and slightly concave fore and aft. The extremity of 

 each is rugose below, supports a prominent tubercle medially and a 

 smaller one at the superior angle. 



The exterior nares are not separated by osseous septum. Their lateral 

 border is marked on the inferior surface of the nasal and premaxillary 

 roof, by a curved ridge or crest, which converge forwards and bound the 

 interior concavity of the roof. They gave support to muscular or liga- 

 mentous attachments. The posterior angle of the nares is abruptly ex- 

 cavated with thickened walls. The palate is remarkably narrow, and 

 is most deeply excavated between the alveolae of the tusks, or at the 

 maxillo-premaxillary suture. From near this point to the palatine suture 

 a low but sharp crest extends along the middle line. The width of the 

 palate at the diastema is one ninth of its length. The diastema is more 

 than half the length of the molar series. The pterygoid process of the 

 palate has two convergent grooves on its inferior surface. 



The teeth are remarkable for the extent of the exposure of their slender 

 roots, as well as their very small size as compared with the size of the 

 animal. The tusk is slightly turned outwards at the tip and the inner 

 face is worn by attrition with some opposing tooth for one-third its length 



